Python Coding Test Course, Cocktail Making

Problem Description

You are a bartender working at a supermarket bar. As a bartender, you want to make a variety of cocktails. You have a list of ingredients needed to make each cocktail and know how much of each ingredient is required.

You will be provided with the name of the desired cocktail and a list of available ingredients. The user wants to know if they can make the desired cocktail with the set of ingredients. If the desired cocktail can be made with the provided ingredients, output ‘possible’; otherwise, output ‘impossible’.

Input Format

  • The first line is the cocktail name. (e.g., “Margarita”)
  • The second line is a string of available ingredients. (e.g., “Tequila,LimeJuice,TripleSec”)
  • The third line is a string consisting of each ingredient and the quantity required for the cocktail. (e.g., “Tequila:50,LimeJuice:30,TripleSec:10”)

Output Format

If the cocktail can be made, print “possible”; otherwise, print “impossible”.

Constraints

  • The length of ingredient names is between 1 and 50 characters.
  • All quantities are positive integers.
  • Ingredients are separated by commas.

Solution

Let’s go through the steps to solve this problem.

Step 1: Input Parsing

First, parse the input data received from the user to extract each element. You need to identify the cocktail name, the list of available ingredients, and the ingredient list for the cocktail.

Step 2: Data Structure

We will use a dictionary data structure to store the ingredient names and the quantities required to make them. Each ingredient will be stored as a key, and the required quantity will be the value. The available ingredients will be stored as a set.

Step 3: Comparison and Verification

Now that the ingredient list is ready, we need to check if all the ingredients required to make the desired cocktail are included in the available ingredients.

Step 4: Output Result

If all the conditions are met, output “possible”; otherwise, output “impossible”.

Example Code

        
def cocktail_availability(cocktail_name, available_ingredients, required_ingredients):
    # Create a dictionary to store the ingredients
    required_dict = {}
    for item in required_ingredients.split(','):
        ingredient, quantity = item.split(':')
        required_dict[ingredient] = int(quantity)
    
    # Create a set to store available ingredients
    available_set = set(available_ingredients.split(','))
    
    # Check if all required ingredients are available
    for ingredient, quantity in required_dict.items():
        if ingredient not in available_set:
            return 'impossible'
    
    return 'possible'

# Example Input
cocktail_name = "Margarita"
available_ingredients = "Tequila,LimeJuice,TripleSec"
required_ingredients = "Tequila:50,LimeJuice:30,TripleSec:10"

# Function Call
result = cocktail_availability(cocktail_name, available_ingredients, required_ingredients)
print(result)  # Output: possible

Result

Based on the input data, we have checked if it is possible to make the cocktail. For instance, executing the function with the inputs provided above will return “possible”. This means the user can make the desired cocktail.

Complexity Analysis of the Solution

The time complexity is O(n), where n is the number of ingredients. The dictionary and set are updated and compared for each ingredient, resulting in linear time complexity.

The space complexity is also O(n). This is due to the dictionary needed to store the required ingredients and the set for the available ingredients.