C# Coding Test Course, Sorting Numbers 2

Problem Description

Write a program that sorts the given numbers.
The input is provided through standard input, with the first line containing a natural number N (1 ≤ N ≤ 100,000).
Following this, N natural numbers are input. These numbers are separated by spaces,
and the given numbers are integers that are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10,000.
Print the sorted result.

Input Example

    5
    5 2 3 1 4
    

Output Example

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    

Problem Solving Process

1. Understanding the Problem

The problem of sorting numbers is one of the basic algorithms and is a frequently discussed topic.
What is required in this problem is to sort the given numbers in ascending order and print them.
You can use data structures like arrays or lists to store the input numbers and sort them using sorting methods.

2. Input Processing

The input consists of the first line containing the number of integers N, followed by the next line containing N integers.
This can be read using the Console.ReadLine() method in C#.

3. Choosing a Sorting Algorithm

In C#, you can use the built-in sorting methods Array.Sort() and List.Sort().
These two methods have an average time complexity of O(N log N).
They are very efficient within the given input range and meet the performance requirements of the problem.

4. Algorithm Implementation

Below is an example of the code for sorting numbers implemented in C#.

        using System;

        class Program
        {
            static void Main()
            {
                // Input
                int n = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
                int[] numbers = new int[n];

                // Receive numbers
                string[] input = Console.ReadLine().Split(' ');
                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                {
                    numbers[i] = int.Parse(input[i]);
                }

                // Sorting
                Array.Sort(numbers);

                // Output sorted results
                foreach (int number in numbers)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(number);
                }
            }
        }
    

5. Code Explanation

- int n = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());: Reads the number of integers input by the user.
- int[] numbers = new int[n];: Declares an array to receive inputs.
- string[] input = Console.ReadLine().Split(' ');: Splits the input numbers by spaces into an array.
- Array.Sort(numbers);: Uses a built-in method to sort the numbers.
- foreach (int number in numbers): Outputs the sorted numbers one by one.

6. Performance Analysis

This algorithm has a time complexity of O(N log N), so it is efficient even when sorting up to 100,000 numbers.
The output after sorting has a time complexity of O(N), so the problem can be solved with an overall performance of O(N log N).

7. Additional Considerations

When presented with large amounts of data, memory usage is also an important factor, so memory efficiency must be considered.
Using basic types and built-in methods in C# can optimize memory usage.

8. Conclusion

In this lesson, we solved the problem of sorting numbers using C#.
To develop algorithmic problem-solving skills, it is important to practice various types of problems repeatedly,
as well as to strive to understand various sorting algorithms.
In the next lesson, more complex algorithm problems will be addressed.