1. Problem Definition
This is a problem to write a program in Kotlin to calculate the average from a given set of N integers.
The number of integers provided as input ranges from 1 to 100,000, and each integer is between -50,000 and 50,000.
The algorithm should have a time complexity of O(N) and must perform the summation of the numbers and calculate the average.
2. Problem Approach and Solution
To find the average, we need to calculate the sum of the given integers and then divide that sum by the number of integers.
Below are the steps to solve the problem.
- Step 1: Store the given integers in an array or list.
- Step 2: Traverse all the elements of the array to calculate the sum.
- Step 3: Divide the calculated sum by the number of input integers to compute the average.
- Step 4: Output the average value rounded to two decimal places.
3. Time Complexity Analysis
The solution approach for the given problem involves traversing the list once to calculate the sum.
Since each element is visited only once, the time complexity is O(N), making it very efficient.
The space complexity is also O(1), as there is minimal additional memory usage.
4. Kotlin Implementation
Below is an example of Kotlin code for the problem. This code is written following the steps described above.
fun main() {
// 1. Read the number of inputs.
val n = readLine()!!.toInt()
// 2. Declare a list to store the integers.
val numbers = readLine()!!.split(" ").map { it.toInt() }
// 3. Calculate the sum of the integers.
val sum = numbers.sum()
// 4. Calculate the average.
val average = sum.toDouble() / n
// 5. Print the average rounded to two decimal places.
println(String.format("%.2f", average))
}
5. Input and Output Example
Below are examples of the input and output of the program execution.
Input Example:
5
10 20 30 40 50
Output Example:
30.00
6. Example Explanation
Looking at the input example above, it is input to calculate the average of the integers 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50.
The total number of integers is 5, and their sum is 150. Therefore, the average, which is 150 divided by 5, equals 30.00.
7. Additional Considerations
While it is unrealistic for the number of integers to be 0 when calculating the average,
it is advisable to include additional checks in the code to handle exceptional cases.
For example, if the input count is 0, the code could be modified to print a message like “No input numbers.”
This emphasizes the importance of exception handling in programming.
8. Summary
We learned how to calculate the average from N integers using Kotlin.
The process involved handling input data, calculating the sum, and outputting the average in a step-by-step manner.
We also analyzed the time complexity and space complexity to explain the algorithm’s efficiency.
Additionally, we introduced how to write more stable code by including exception handling.
9. Conclusion
When solving algorithm problems, it is essential to understand the problem, design an approach,
and practice a lot in the area of implementation in code. By using Kotlin, you will enhance your problem-solving skills
which will be beneficial for employment. I hope you continue to tackle various problems and build your skills.