Many people studying English ponder over grammatical structures and the composition of sentences. In particular, understanding the object and various forms of sentences that include it is an important factor in improving English skills. This article will delve deeply into the role of the object in English sentences, as well as various aspects of using infinitives and gerunds as objects.
1. Definition and Role of the Object
An object is the element in a sentence that receives the action of the subject. For example, in “He reads a book,” “a book” is the object. The subject “He” performs the action “reads,” and the object “a book” indicates what the action is directed toward. Objects are generally composed of nouns or noun phrases.
Objects can be divided into two types. First, the direct object is the target of the verb’s action. Second, the indirect object plays a supporting role to the direct object as it receives the direct action. For instance, in “She gave him a gift,” “a gift” is the direct object, and “him” is the indirect object.
2. Overview of Infinitives and Gerunds
Infinitives and gerunds used as objects each have unique characteristics, and their meanings and functions may differ when used as objects in sentences.
2.1 Infinitive
An infinitive consists of the form ‘to + base form of the verb’ and is primarily used to emphasize purpose or intent. For example, in “I want to study,” “to study” serves as the object of “I want,” providing information about ‘what is desired.’
2.2 Gerund
A gerund is the ‘-ing’ form of a verb and is mostly used to express feelings or states. For example, in “I enjoy studying,” “studying” is used as the object of “I enjoy,” providing information about ‘what is enjoyed.’
3. Use of Infinitives and Gerunds
Both infinitives and gerunds can be used as objects, but certain verbs tend to only apply to one or the other.
3.1 Verbs that Use Infinitives
Infinitives are primarily used with the following verbs:
- want: I want to go.
- hope: I hope to see you.
- decide: She decided to leave.
- expect: We expect to arrive soon.
These verbs are mainly used to express desired outcomes or intentions.
3.2 Verbs that Use Gerunds
Gerunds are used with the following verbs:
- enjoy: I enjoy walking.
- finish: They finished studying.
- avoid: He avoided talking to her.
- consider: She is considering moving.
These verbs primarily focus on expressing feelings or states regarding actions.
4. Differences in Choosing Between Infinitives and Gerunds
In some cases, both infinitives and gerunds can be used, but their meanings may differ.
4.1 Difference in Meaning
For example, “I stopped smoking.” and “I stopped to smoke.” convey different meanings.
- “I stopped smoking.” means ‘I quit smoking,’ indicating the cessation of the action of smoking.
- “I stopped to smoke.” means ‘I stopped in order to smoke,’ indicating that the person took a break from another action to smoke.
4.2 Difference in Emphasis
Additionally, in some sentences, the infinitive may carry a stronger intent. For example:
- “I like to run.” indicates an intention of enjoying running.
- “I like running.” indicates a hobby of enjoying running.
5. Conclusion
The object plays an important role in English sentences, and the use of infinitives and gerunds as objects differs. These two forms convey various meanings and emotions when used in sentences. Therefore, a deep understanding of these elements is necessary for constructing and comprehending English sentences. With continuous practice, mastering the use of these objects will enable the creation of richer sentences.