Understanding the components of sentences is very important in the process of studying English. In particular, complements and the use of the infinitive as an object complement are key parts that enable a deeper understanding and utilization of English sentences. In this article, we will explain the definition and role of complements, as well as the concept and usage of the to-infinitive as an object complement in detail.
1. What is a complement?
A complement is an element that comes after the subject and verb, serving to supplement the meaning of the subject or object. In other words, a complement is a word or phrase that explains what the subject is or what state the subject is in. Complements can be divided into subject complements and object complements.
1.1 Subject complement
A subject complement describes the state or quality of the subject. It is mainly used with the verb ‘be’ and can be an adjective, noun, or participial phrase.
Examples:
- She is a teacher. – Noun complement
- He is happy. – Adjective complement
- The book is interesting. – Adjective complement
1.2 Object complement
An object complement provides additional information about the object. It mainly serves to complete the meaning of the verb and explains what the object does or what state it is in.
Examples:
- They elected him president. – Noun complement
- She made me angry. – Adjective complement
2. To-infinitive as an object complement
This is one type of object complement, characterized by the form ‘to + base verb’ that comes after the verb. This structure is primarily used in situations where someone is made to act, required to act, or requested to act.
2.1 Definition of the to-infinitive
The to-infinitive is fundamentally formed as ‘to + base verb’ and can perform various roles. When used as a complement, it generally conveys the meaning of ‘causing the object to perform an action.’
2.2 Examples of using the to-infinitive as an object complement
The typical structure is subject + verb + object + to-infinitive. Let’s look at some examples.
Examples:
- I want you to help me.
- She asked him to leave.
- He needs her to succeed.
3. Distinction between complements and to-infinitive object complements
The difference is that a complement describes the state or quality of the subject in the position of the subject and object, whereas the to-infinitive as an object complement serves to make the object perform an action. Understanding this difference can help you comprehend more complex sentence structures.
3.1 Sentence construction practice
Practicing by constructing actual sentences can help you better understand these concepts. Check your learning through the following exercise problems.
Exercise Problems:
- Add a complement to the following sentence: “The sky is…”.
- Create a sentence using the to-infinitive object complement: “I want…”.
4. Conclusion
Complements and the to-infinitive object complement play very important roles in English sentences. If you can clearly understand and use these two concepts, you will be able to naturally use more complex sentence structures. To study English more deeply, it is essential to firmly grasp these basic grammatical elements. Continue to practice and engage with various example sentences to further improve your skills.