Unity Basic Course: Implementing Jump Feature

In this course, we will learn how to implement the jump feature for 2D or 3D game characters in Unity. Jumping is one of the key elements in a game’s character movement mechanics and can significantly enhance the player’s experience. We will start by implementing a basic jump feature and then proceed to create smoother jumps using the physics engine and animations.

1. Setting Up the Project

To implement the jump feature in Unity, you first need to create a new project. Please follow the steps below to set it up.

1.1 Installing Unity and Creating a New Project

  1. Launch Unity Hub.
  2. Click the ‘New’ button to create a new project.
  3. Select either the 2D or 3D template. This course will use the 3D template.
  4. After setting the project name and save path, click the ‘Create’ button.

1.2 Configuring the Basic Environment

We will create a floor and a character to configure the basic environment.

  • Select 3D Object in the Hierarchy view and choose Cube to create the floor.
  • Adjust the Transform component of the created cube to set the size and position of the floor.
  • Similarly, create a new cube to represent the character and adjust it to an appropriate size.

2. Writing the Jump Script

Now, we will add a C# script to implement the jump feature for the character. Please follow the steps below to write the script.

2.1 Adding the Script

  1. Right-click on the Assets folder in the Project view and select Create > C# Script.
  2. Name the script PlayerController.
  3. Select the character cube in the Hierarchy view, then in the Inspector window, click Add Component and add the PlayerController script.

2.2 Writing the Script Content

Now, open the PlayerController script and write the content below.


using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float moveSpeed = 5f;
    public float jumpForce = 5f;
    private bool isGrounded;
    private Rigidbody rb;

    void Start()
    {
        rb = GetComponent();
    }

    void Update()
    {
        Move();

        if (Input.GetButtonDown("Jump") && isGrounded)
        {
            Jump();
        }
    }

    void Move()
    {
        float moveHorizontally = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        Vector3 movement = new Vector3(moveHorizontally, 0f, 0f) * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime;
        transform.position += movement;
    }

    void Jump()
    {
        rb.AddForce(Vector3.up * jumpForce, ForceMode.Impulse);
        isGrounded = false;
    }

    void OnCollisionEnter(Collision collision)
    {
        if (collision.collider.tag == "Ground")
        {
            isGrounded = true;
        }
    }
}
    

Script Explanation

The script above includes the character’s movement and jump features. Let’s take a look at the principles of each feature:

  • moveSpeed: Adjusts the speed of the character’s movement.
  • jumpForce: Adjusts the force of the character’s jump.
  • isGrounded: Checks whether the character is touching the ground.
  • Rigidbody: Implements jumping using Unity’s physics engine.
  • Move() method: Moves the character horizontally.
  • Jump() method: Performs the jump action.
  • OnCollisionEnter() method: Determines if it has touched the ground.

3. Applying the Physics Engine

To utilize the physics engine effectively in Unity, you need to add Rigidbody and Box Collider components to both the character and the floor cube.

3.1 Adding Rigidbody Component

  1. Select the character cube and click the Add Component button.
  2. Search for and add Rigidbody.
  3. Now add a Box Collider to the floor cube in the same way.

3.2 Adjusting Jump Physics

Try adjusting the Mass and Drag values of the Rigidbody. This allows you to select the character’s weight during jumps and the resistance experienced in the air.

Tip: If you want to modify the physical movement, try adjusting the Gravity Scale value of the Rigidbody. Setting it too low can cause unnatural movements during jumps.

4. Adding Jump Animation

Adding an animation when the character jumps makes the visuals more appealing. Let’s follow the steps below to set up the jump animation.

4.1 Creating and Setting Animation Clip

  1. In the Project view, select Right Click > Create > Animation to create a new animation clip. Name it JumpAnimation.
  2. Open the Animation window, select the character cube, and add the animation you will use to the clip.

4.2 Setting Up Animator

Now we will set up the Animator to play the jump animation based on the character’s state:

  1. In the Project view, select Right Click > Create > Animator Controller. Name it PlayerAnimator.
  2. Add the Animator Controller to the main character cube.
  3. Open the Animator and drag the JumpAnimation clip to add it to the state.

4.3 Adding Animation Trigger


void Jump()
{
    rb.AddForce(Vector3.up * jumpForce, ForceMode.Impulse);
    isGrounded = false;
    animator.SetTrigger("Jump");
}
    

5. Testing and Debugging

Now that all settings are complete, click the Play button to test the game. Check whether the jump function operates correctly, whether the jump animation plays smoothly, and whether the character makes contact with the ground.

5.1 Debugging Tips

  • If the character does not jump because it is not in contact with the ground, check whether the Is Kinematic property of the Rigidbody is checked.
  • If the animation does not play, verify that the animator’s trigger is set correctly.

6. Conclusion

In this course, you learned how to implement the jump feature for a character in Unity. We also explored how to enhance the jump feature with the physics engine and animation settings. Moving forward, consider adding various movement features or attempting more complex physical effects. Unity is a highly flexible engine, so keep trying new features and create your own game.

7. Additional Learning Resources

If you want to learn more advanced topics, we recommend the following resources:

Unity Basic Course: Joining a Network Room

Hello, everyone. In this tutorial, we will explore how to join a network room in Unity. Multiplayer game development is a very exciting and challenging field, and here we will understand the basic networking functions and explain step-by-step how to join a room.

1. Basics of Unity Networking

Unity provides various networking solutions. The solution that we will cover here is Unity’s UNet. UNet is a feature that helps easily develop multiplayer games in Unity. Important elements of UNet include:

  • Server and Client
  • Network Manager
  • Network Identity
  • Network Behaviour

1.1 Server and Client

The server manages all the data of the game, and the client connects to the server to send and receive data. This is essential for synchronizing all objects and states within the game.

1.2 Network Manager

The Network Manager is a crucial component for network games, setting up network connections and managing clients and servers. With this component, you can easily create and join game rooms.

1.3 Network Identity

Network Identity is a component that allows game objects to be uniquely identified on the network. Without this component, clients will not be able to recognize objects.

1.4 Network Behaviour

Network Behaviour is a base class for scripts that allow networking functions. You can inherit from this class to implement functionality that operates between clients and servers.

2. Preparing a Unity Project

Now, let’s prepare a simple Unity project for practice. Please follow these steps to set up the project:

2.1 Installing Unity and Creating a New Project

Install Unity and create a new 2D or 3D project. We will name the project ‘NetworkRoomExample’.

2.2 Importing Required Packages

Use Unity’s package manager to import the necessary networking support packages. Click on Window -> Package Manager, search for NetworkManager in the Unity Registry, and install it.

2.3 Setting Up the Basic Scene

Create a scene and add Unity’s default canvas. Then, design the UI to add buttons for joining and creating rooms.

3. Creating and Joining Rooms

Based on the retrospective, we will write scripts to create and join rooms. To do this, create an empty GameObject in Unity and add the NetworkManager component.

3.1 Setting the NetworkManager

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Networking;

public class CustomNetworkManager : NetworkManager {
    public override void OnStartServer() {
        // This is called when the server starts.
        Debug.Log("Server started");
    }
}
    

3.2 Room Creation and Joining Script

Now we will create a UI script for the functionality to create and join rooms. Please refer to the code below:

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Networking;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class RoomManager : MonoBehaviour {
    public Button createRoomButton;
    public Button joinRoomButton;

    void Start() {
        createRoomButton.onClick.AddListener(CreateRoom);
        joinRoomButton.onClick.AddListener(JoinRoom);
    }

    public void CreateRoom() {
        NetworkManager.singleton.StartHost();
        Debug.Log("Room created");
    }

    public void JoinRoom() {
        NetworkManager.singleton.StartClient();
        Debug.Log("Joining room...");
    }
}
    

3.3 Connecting the UI

To use the above script, reference the buttons in the Unity Editor and connect the join and create functionality. You can design the networking UI yourself to provide an intuitive experience for users.

4. Functionality of the Network Room

Now that all the settings are complete, test the room creation and joining features. You can run two instances of Unity to create and join rooms simultaneously to check if communication is working properly.

5. Troubleshooting

Here are some common issues that may easily arise when using networking features:

  • Unable to connect to the server: Make sure the room has been created successfully.
  • Data synchronization issues between clients: Check if the Network Identity components are set up correctly.
  • Check for error messages: Review any error messages in the Unity Console and take necessary actions.

Conclusion

We have explored the basic ways to join a network room in Unity. Multiplayer games are complex, but understanding and utilizing basic functions is the start of success. In the next tutorial, we will cover more advanced features and techniques that can be used in real games, so stay tuned!

If you have any questions or feedback regarding this article, please leave a comment. Thank you.

Unity Basics Course: What is Unity?

Game development is becoming more accessible today, and Unity is a leading game engine at the forefront. Since its release in 2005, Unity has garnered increasing popularity among developers and has established itself as a powerful tool for creating games across various platforms. In this course, we will explore Unity from the basics to its features, available functionalities, and the process of creating games with Unity in detail.

1. History of Unity

Unity was first launched in 2005 by a company called Unity Technologies. Initially, it was only available on Mac OS X, but it later expanded to Windows and various other platforms. Unity provides a free basic version and several paid versions with additional features, making it a popular choice for many developers for personal or commercial projects.

2. Key Features of Unity

Unity engine has several key features that make it a popular choice among game developers:

  • Cross-Platform Support: Unity can build and deploy games on various platforms including PC, mobile, consoles, VR/AR, and web.
  • Intuitive Interface: Unity’s user interface is user-friendly, allowing easy access to a variety of tools as needed.
  • Strong Community: Unity has a wide user base worldwide, and support can be obtained through various online resources and forums.
  • Diverse Asset Store: Unity operates an asset store where users can purchase or download resources (models, scripts, sounds, etc.) needed for their games, both paid and free.
  • Visual Scripting: Unity supports visual scripting, enabling those without programming experience to easily implement game functionalities.

3. Installing and Setting Up Unity

To use Unity, you first need to install Unity Hub. Unity Hub is an application that helps manage different versions of Unity and allows for easy creation and opening of projects. After installation, follow these steps:

  1. Open Unity Hub and add the necessary Unity version in the “Install” tab.
  2. Click the “Add Modules” button next to each version to add the desired platform support modules.
  3. Once the installation is complete, click the “New” button in the “Projects” tab to create a new project.

4. Unity Project Structure

A Unity project consists of several important elements. The project folder includes directories such as Asset, Library, and Logs, each with the following characteristics:

  • Assets: This folder contains all assets (models, textures, scripts, etc.) used in the project.
  • Library: This folder contains cached data used by Unity, which is generally not modified directly by the user.
  • Logs: This folder stores log files generated during Unity Editor and play mode.

5. Scripting in Unity

Scripting in Unity is primarily done using the C# language. C# is a powerful object-oriented programming language that is very useful for implementing game logic and interactions in Unity. Unity scripts primarily inherit from the MonoBehaviour class to define the game’s behavior by implementing various methods. Below is the basic structure of Unity scripting:

using UnityEngine;

public class ExampleScript : MonoBehaviour
{
    void Start()
    {
        // Write initialization code here.
    }

    void Update()
    {
        // This code is called every frame.
    }
}

6. Assets and Game Objects

In Unity, all elements used in a game are represented as Game Objects. A Game Object can include various types of assets such as 3D models, sounds, and particle systems. Game Objects can be extended with components, and their position, rotation, and scale in space are defined using various Transform properties.

7. Unity’s Physics Engine

Unity supports realistic physics simulation through its built-in physics engine. You can set properties like gravity and friction of objects using the Rigidbody component, and handle collisions between objects using the Collider component. These functionalities create natural and realistic physical interactions within games.

8. UI System

Unity makes it easy to create user interfaces through its UI system. Various UI components like Button, Text, and Image can be added on top of a basic element called Canvas to implement the game’s user interface. Additionally, the UI event system allows for handling user inputs like button clicks and drags.

9. Unity Build and Deployment

Once game development in Unity is complete, you can create the final game through a build. Select ‘Build Settings’ from the ‘File’ menu in the Unity Editor, choose the desired platform, and click the ‘Build’ button to create the final build. At this point, additional settings can be configured to produce an optimized build.

10. Conclusion

Unity is a preferred engine for many game developers due to its accessibility and powerful features. This course provided a brief overview of the basic concepts and usage of Unity. We encourage you to dive deeper into the technologies while working on actual projects and challenge yourself to create a variety of game genres. We look forward to the amazing games you will create with Unity!

© 2023 Unity Basics Course. All rights reserved.

Unity Basics Course: Project Creation

This course will cover how to create a new project in Unity. Unity is a popular game engine worldwide and a powerful tool that makes it easy to create 2D and 3D games. If you are using Unity for the first time, the project creation process may seem a bit complex, but I will guide you step by step to help everyone get started easily.

1. Installing Unity

Before creating a project, you need to install Unity. The latest version of Unity can be downloaded from the official Unity website. Before installation, please check the following:

  • Operating System: Supported on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
  • Hardware Requirements: Must meet the minimum system requirements.
  • Install Unity Hub: Unity Hub is a useful tool for managing multiple versions of Unity.

Once the installation is complete, you can launch Unity Hub to manage your Unity projects.

Note: The Unity community and forums provide a wealth of resources and Q&A, so if you have any questions while using Unity, feel free to search!

2. Using Unity Hub

Unity Hub allows you to install multiple versions of Unity and easily manage your projects. The main screen of Unity Hub has the following tabs:

  • Projects: A list of currently open projects and recently worked-on projects.
  • Learn: Provides useful resources and tutorials for learning Unity.
  • Installs: Where you can install and uninstall Unity versions.

Now, let’s select the Projects tab to create a project.

3. Creating a New Project

The process of creating a new project is as follows:

  1. Go to the Projects tab: Select the Projects tab in Unity Hub.
  2. Click the New Project button: Click the New button in the top right corner.
  3. Select a project template: Unity provides several templates, so you can choose the one you want. This includes various options like 3D, 2D, VR, AR, etc. For example, the 2D template is optimized for 2D game development.
  4. Set the project name: Enter your desired project name. For example, you can try MyFirstGame.
  5. Select a save location: Choose the path where the project files will be saved. By default, Unity Hub creates projects in the UnityProjects folder within the Documents folder. If you want to change the path, click the Browse button to select your desired path.
  6. Create the project: After entering all the information, click the Create button to create the project. This process may take a few seconds to a few minutes.

3.1 Additional Explanation on Template Selection

Choosing a template is an important step that determines the direction of the project and the features needed. Each template provides basic settings necessary for a specific type of game development.

  • 3D: Includes resources and features needed for 3D game development.
  • 2D: Provides settings and features optimized for 2D games.
  • High Definition Render Pipeline: Suitable for projects utilizing high-resolution graphics.
  • Universal Render Pipeline: Offers graphics features available across various platforms.

4. Initial Project Settings

Once the project is created, the Unity Editor will open. Let’s check the basic settings now:

  • Scene: When a new project is created, the default scene is loaded. You can add and place game objects in this scene.
  • Hierarchy: Displays all game objects in the current scene. Right-clicking in this panel to add new objects will show various options.
  • Inspector: A panel where you can modify the properties of the selected game object. You can adjust the object’s position, rotation, size, etc.
  • Game View: A panel where you can preview the current scene as it would appear in the game. You can see how the game will look beforehand.
Tip: It is important to manage scenes well in Unity. When using various objects, understanding and managing the hierarchy efficiently is essential.

5. Adding Basic Objects

Now let’s add basic objects to the scene. At this stage, you can add basic 3D objects like cubes and spheres:

  1. Right-click in the Hierarchy panel: Select 3D Object and then choose the desired object. For example, select Cube.
  2. Adjust placement: Shift the position using the Inspector panel to place it in the scene.
  3. Adjust scale: Resize the object to create it to your desired dimensions.

6. Saving the Project

It is important to save the project after working on it. Unity does not automatically save your project, so you should save manually frequently. To save the project, follow these steps:

  1. Click File in the menu:
  2. Select Save or Save As: If you are saving the project for the first time, select Save As, and afterward, choose Save to save.

7. Adjusting Project Settings

In addition to the basic project settings, you can adjust various settings to suit your needs. This can help prevent potential issues in the later development process.

7.1 Player Settings

Player Settings manage basic project settings such as graphics, resolution, and orientation settings. This allows for optimization for specific platforms. To change the settings:

  1. Click Edit in the menu.
  2. Select Project Settings.
  3. Select Player from the left menu.

7.2 Quality Settings

With Quality Settings, you can adjust the graphical quality to improve the project’s performance. Here, you can set various resolutions and speeds to provide an optimized user experience.

8. Ending the Project

Once you are done working on the project, you can return to Unity Hub to close the project. After loading is complete, return to the Projects tab in Unity Hub to see the currently open project.

Conclusion

In this course, we have carefully looked at how to create a project in Unity. After completing the initial setup, you can start game development by utilizing various features. In the next chapter, we will explore how to add game objects and components in Unity to create a richer gaming experience. We will strive to provide the fundamental knowledge needed for using Unity. Keep learning!

Unity Basics Course: Enemy Character Creation

Hello! Today we will learn how to create enemy characters that will appear in a game using Unity. Unity is a powerful game development platform that helps you quickly create various game prototypes. In this tutorial, we will cover the basic property settings for enemy characters, adding animations, and implementing AI behavior.

1. Installing Unity and Setting Up a Project

To get started with Unity, you first need to install Unity Hub. After installation, download the latest version of Unity and create a new 3D project.

  • Open Unity Hub and click the ‘New’ button.
  • Select the ‘3D’ template, enter a project name, and click ‘Create’.

2. Basic 3D Modeling

You can create a model for the enemy character to be used in Unity. Free programs like Blender can be used as modeling tools, and after modeling is complete, export it in .fbx format.

Here’s how to import the model into Unity:

  • Right-click the ‘Assets’ folder in the project and select ‘Import New Asset’.
  • Select the saved .fbx file and click ‘Import’.

3. Basic Settings for Enemy Characters

After adding the enemy character model to the project, drag it into the scene view to place it. Then, set the basic properties of the enemy character.

  • Select the enemy character in the Hierarchy and adjust the ‘Transform’ properties in the Inspector window.
  • Name it ‘Enemy’ for easy identification.

4. Adding Collider and Rigidbody

Add Collider and Rigidbody components to enable the enemy character to detect collisions and interact physically.

  • Select the ‘Enemy’ object in the Hierarchy and click the ‘Add Component’ button in the Inspector.
  • Add a ‘Capsule Collider’ and adjust it to fit the character’s shape.
  • Add a Rigidbody so it can be influenced by the physics engine. Adjust the speed and gravity settings.

5. Adding Animations

Add animations to bring the enemy character to life. Unity allows setting various animations through the Animator and Animation Clip, in addition to its basic animation system.

The process of setting up animations is as follows:

  1. Create a folder named ‘Animations’ inside the Assets folder.
  2. Open the ‘Animation’ window and click the ‘+’ button to create a new Animation Clip.
  3. Add basic movements to the Animation Clip and save it.

6. Implementing Enemy AI

Implement basic AI to enable the enemy character to recognize and act towards the player. You can define the behavior logic of the enemy character using a C# script.

The basic plan for the AI script is as follows:

  • Implement logic to recognize and track the player.
  • Adjust the movement based on the distance to the player or perform attacks while stationary.

The basic script is as follows:


    using UnityEngine;

    public class EnemyAI : MonoBehaviour
    {
        public Transform player;
        public float attackRange = 5.0f;
        public float moveSpeed = 2.0f;

        void Update()
        {
            float distance = Vector3.Distance(transform.position, player.position);
            if (distance < attackRange)
            {
                Attack();
            }
            else
            {
                ChasePlayer();
            }
        }

        void ChasePlayer()
        {
            Vector3 direction = (player.position - transform.position).normalized;
            transform.position += direction * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime;
        }

        void Attack()
        {
            Debug.Log("Enemy attacks!");
            // Additional attack animation and other logic can be added
        }
    }
    

7. Managing Unit States

Write a script to manage various states of the enemy character (attack, idle, movement, etc.). This allows for finer control over enemy behavior.

For example, you can manage states using an Enum like the following:


    public enum EnemyState
    {
        Idle,
        Chase,
        Attack
    }
    

8. Game Testing and Debugging

Once everything is set up, proceed to test and debug the game. It’s important to check if the enemy AI works correctly and if the animations transition smoothly.

  • Press the play button in the scene view to run the game.
  • Check if the enemy character tracks and attacks the player.

9. Implementing a Spawn System

Create a spawn system to continuously introduce enemies into the game. This enhances the difficulty and sustainability of the game. A simple spawn script is as follows:


    public class EnemySpawner : MonoBehaviour
    {
        public GameObject enemyPrefab;
        public float spawnTime = 3.0f;

        void Start()
        {
            InvokeRepeating("SpawnEnemy", spawnTime, spawnTime);
        }

        void SpawnEnemy()
        {
            Instantiate(enemyPrefab, transform.position, transform.rotation);
        }
    }
    

10. Conclusion and Future Additions

Now you have created a basic enemy character and added AI logic. You can further diversify the character’s behavior with different techniques. For example, you can add various attack methods, different state machines, or smooth transitions of animations.

In the future, you can expand these objects to develop into player battles or large-scale combat systems.

Conclusion

Today, we learned the basic method of creating enemy characters using Unity. This is essential knowledge for creating your own game. I hope this tutorial has helped you understand how to handle enemy characters in Unity.

Now, unleash your imagination and create even more amazing games. Thank you!