{"id":25275,"date":"2024-10-26T09:53:34","date_gmt":"2024-10-26T09:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/?p=25275"},"modified":"2024-11-26T08:02:18","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T08:02:18","slug":"%eb%94%a5-%eb%9f%ac%eb%8b%9d%ec%9d%84-%ec%9d%b4%ec%9a%a9%ed%95%9c-%ec%9e%90%ec%97%b0%ec%96%b4-%ec%b2%98%eb%a6%ac-%ec%9e%a5%eb%8b%a8%ea%b8%b0-%eb%a9%94%eb%aa%a8%eb%a6%aclong-short-term-memory-lstm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/25275\/","title":{"rendered":"\ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac: \uc7a5\ub2e8\uae30 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac(Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><body><\/p>\n<p>\uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac(Natural Language Processing, NLP)\ub294 \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5(AI)\uc758 \ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\ub85c, \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uac00 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0 \uc0dd\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc \uba87 \ub144\uac04 \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \ud601\uc2e0\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788, \uc7a5\ub2e8\uae30 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac(Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM) \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub294 \uc21c\ucc28 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc874\uc131\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac\uc7a1\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>1. \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac(NLP)\uc758 \uae30\ucd08<\/h2>\n<p>NLP\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uac00 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc801 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \uace0\ub824\ub418\uba70, \uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\uc18c \ubd84\uc11d, \uad6c\ubb38 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc758\ubbf8 \ubd84\uc11d \ub4f1\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. NLP\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 Applications\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uae30\uacc4 \ubc88\uc5ed, \uac10\uc815 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc9c8\ubb38 \uc751\ub2f5 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>1.1. \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uae30\uc220<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\ud1a0\ud070\ud654(Tokenization): \ubb38\uc7a5\uc744 \ub2e8\uc5b4 \ub610\ub294 \uad6c \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ud488\uc0ac \ud0dc\uae45(Part-of-Speech Tagging): \uac01 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud488\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9c0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uad6c\ubb38 \ubd84\uc11d(Syntax Parsing): \ubb38\uc7a5\uc758 \uad6c\ubb38 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ud574\uc11d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uc758\ubbf8 \ubd84\uc11d(Semantic Analysis): \ubb38\uc7a5\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ud30c\uc545\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uacfc LSTM<\/h2>\n<p>\ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd(Deep Learning)\uc740 \uc778\uacf5\uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd(Artificial Neural Networks)\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ud328\ud134\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uacc4 \ud559\uc2b5\uc758 \ud55c \uc601\uc5ed\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788, \uc21c\ud658\uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd(Recurrent Neural Networks, RNN)\uc740 \uc2dc\uacc4\uc5f4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub098 \uc21c\ucc28\uc801 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \ub370 \uc801\ud569\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc77c\ubc18 RNN\uc740 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc758\uc874\uc131 \ubb38\uc81c(vanishing gradient \ubb38\uc81c)\uc5d0 \ucde8\uc57d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>2.1. LSTM \uc18c\uac1c<\/h3>\n<p>LSTM\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub41c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc885\ub958\uc758 RNN\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. LSTM\uc740 \uc140 \uc0c1\ud0dc(cell state)\uc640 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8(gate)\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uace0 \uc78a\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uacc4\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uad6c\uc870 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 LSTM\uc740 \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc874\uc131\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ubc1c\ud718\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>2.2. LSTM\uc758 \uad6c\uc870<\/h3>\n<p>LSTM\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uad6c\uc131 \uc694\uc18c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uc140 \uc0c1\ud0dc(Cell State):<\/strong> \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ucd95\uc801\ud558\ub294 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc785\ub825 \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8(Input Gate):<\/strong> \ud604\uc7ac \uc785\ub825 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc77c\uc9c0\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ub9dd\uac01 \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8(Forget Gate):<\/strong> \uc140 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6b8\uc9c0\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ucd9c\ub825 \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8(Output Gate):<\/strong> \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc140 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ucd9c\ub825\ud560\uc9c0\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2.3. LSTM\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791 \uc6d0\ub9ac<\/h3>\n<p>LSTM\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \uc694\uc57d\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\uc785\ub825 \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8: \ud604\uc7ac \uc785\ub825 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \uc774\uc804 \ucd9c\ub825\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc785\ub825 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud544\ud130\ub9c1\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ub9dd\uac01 \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8: \uc774\uc804 \uc140 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc78a\uc744\uc9c0\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uc140 \uc0c1\ud0dc \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8: \uc785\ub825\uacfc \uc78a\uae30 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc140 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ucd9c\ub825 \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8: \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc140 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\ub825\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>3. LSTM\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac \uc751\uc6a9 \uc0ac\ub840<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1. \uae30\uacc4 \ubc88\uc5ed<\/h3>\n<p>LSTM\uc740 \uae30\uacc4 \ubc88\uc5ed \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc18c\uc2a4 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \ubb38\uc7a5\uc758 \ubca1\ud130\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud55c \ud6c4, \uc774\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud0c0\uac9f \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \uc2dc\ud000\uc2a4 \ud22c \uc2dc\ud000\uc2a4(seq2seq) \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c \ubd88\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc18c\uc2a4 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c LSTM\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ucf54\ub529\ud55c \ud6c4, \ub514\ucf54\ub354\ub85c\uc11c \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 LSTM \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \ud0c0\uac9f \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c \ubc88\uc5ed\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>3.2. \uac10\uc815 \ubd84\uc11d<\/h3>\n<p>\uac10\uc815 \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc791\uc131 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uac10\uc815\uc744 \ubd84\ub958\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c LSTM\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubb38\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e8\uc5b4 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\uace0, \uc804\uccb4 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc758 \uac10\uc815\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>3.3. \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0dd\uc131<\/h3>\n<p>LSTM\uc740 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc785\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc800\uc790 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\uace0 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\uc758 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ud65c\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>4. LSTM\uc758 \uc7a5\ub2e8\uc810<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1. \uc7a5\uc810<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc7a5\uae30 \uc758\uc874\uc131 \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0: LSTM\uc740 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uace0 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc751\uc6a9: \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc74c\uc131 \uc778\uc2dd \ubc0f \ub3d9\uc601\uc0c1 \ubd84\uc11d \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4.2. \ub2e8\uc810<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\ubcf5\uc7a1\uc131: LSTM\uc740 \uae30\ubcf8 RNN\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uc5ec \ud559\uc2b5 \ubc0f \uad6c\ud604\uc774 \uc5b4\ub835\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li>\uacc4\uc0b0 \ube44\uc6a9: \ub9ce\uc740 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud6c8\ub828 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uae38\uace0, \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d\uc774 \ub192\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. LSTM \ubaa8\ub378 \uad6c\ud604<\/h2>\n<p>LSTM \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 Python\uc758 TensorFlow\ub098 PyTorch\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 TensorFlow\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c LSTM \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uad6c\ud604 \uc608\uc2dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre>\nimport numpy as np\nimport tensorflow as tf\nfrom tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential\nfrom tensorflow.keras.layers import LSTM, Dense\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\nX = np.random.rand(1000, 10, 1)  # 1000\uac1c\uc758 \uc0d8\ud50c, \uc2dc\ud000\uc2a4 \uae38\uc774 10, \ud53c\uccd0 1\ny = np.random.rand(1000, 1)\n\n# \ubaa8\ub378 \uad6c\uc131\nmodel = Sequential()\nmodel.add(LSTM(50, return_sequences=True, input_shape=(10, 1)))\nmodel.add(LSTM(50))\nmodel.add(Dense(1))\n\n# \ubaa8\ub378 \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c\nmodel.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='mean_squared_error')\n\n# \ubaa8\ub378 \ud559\uc2b5\nmodel.fit(X, y, epochs=50, batch_size=32)\n    <\/pre>\n<h2>6. \uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n<p>\uc7a5\ub2e8\uae30 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac(LSTM)\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ud000\uc2a4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uae30\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. LSTM\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud328\ud134\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uae30\uacc4 \ubc88\uc5ed, \uac10\uc815 \ubd84\uc11d, \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0dd\uc131 \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc751\uc6a9 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 LSTM\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 NLP \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub9ac\ub77c \uc608\uc0c1\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac(Natural Language Processing, NLP)\ub294 \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5(AI)\uc758 \ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\ub85c, \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uac00 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0 \uc0dd\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc \uba87 \ub144\uac04 \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \ud601\uc2e0\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788, \uc7a5\ub2e8\uae30 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac(Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM) \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub294 \uc21c\ucc28 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc874\uc131\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac\uc7a1\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1. \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac(NLP)\uc758 \uae30\ucd08 NLP\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uac00 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/25275\/\" class=\"more-link\">\ub354 \ubcf4\uae30<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;\ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac: \uc7a5\ub2e8\uae30 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac(Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM)&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-16"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - 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