{"id":25379,"date":"2024-10-26T09:54:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-26T09:54:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/?p=25379"},"modified":"2024-11-26T08:01:58","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T08:01:58","slug":"13-%eb%94%a5-%eb%9f%ac%eb%8b%9d%ec%9d%84-%ec%9d%b4%ec%9a%a9%ed%95%9c-%ec%9e%90%ec%97%b0%ec%96%b4-%ec%b2%98%eb%a6%ac-part-2-%ec%8b%ac%ed%99%94-%ea%b3%bc%ec%a0%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/25379\/","title":{"rendered":"13. \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac, Part 2. \uc2ec\ud654 \uacfc\uc815"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac(Natural Language Processing, NLP)\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uac00 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0 \ud574\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5\uc758 \ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2ec\ud654 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uace0, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\uacfc \uae30\ubc95, \uc801\uc6a9 \uc608\uc81c, \ucd5c\uc2e0 \ub3d9\ud5a5 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc0c1\uc138\ud788 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 NLP\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ud574\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ub3c5\uc790\ub97c \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>1. \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc758 \uae30\ucd08 \uc810\uac80<\/h2>\n<p>\uba3c\uc800, \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uac04\ub2e8\ud788 \ub9ac\ubdf0\ud574\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc804\ucc98\ub9ac, \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1, \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubd84\ub958, \uac10\uc815 \ubd84\uc11d, \uae30\uacc4 \ubc88\uc5ed \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub20c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc740 \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub354\uc6b1 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>2. \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \uae30\ucd08<\/h2>\n<p>\ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd(Deep Learning)\uc740 \uc778\uacf5 \uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uba38\uc2e0 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \ud55c \uc885\ub958\ub85c, \ub300\ub7c9\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \ud328\ud134\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub09c \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0\ub294 RNN, LSTM, GRU, Transformer \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>3. RNN\uacfc LSTM<\/h2>\n<p>\uc21c\ud658 \uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd(Recurrent Neural Network, RNN)\uc740 \uc2dc\ud000\uc2a4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 RNN\uc740 \uae34 \uc2dc\ud000\uc2a4\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \ub54c \uae30\uc6b8\uae30 \uc18c\uc2e4 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc2dc\ub2ec\ub9ac\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)\uacfc GRU(Gated Recurrent Unit)\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubcc0\ud615\ub4e4\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>3.1. LSTM\uc758 \uad6c\uc870<\/h3>\n<p>LSTM\uc740 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8(\uc785\ub825 \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8, \uc0ad\uc81c \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8, \ucd9c\ub825 \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8)\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc800\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uad00\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad6c\uc870 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 LSTM\uc740 \uae34 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc744 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uace0, \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ucd94\ucd9c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>3.2. LSTM\uc758 \ud65c\uc6a9<\/h3>\n<p>LSTM\uc740 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1, \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0dd\uc131, \uae30\uacc4 \ubc88\uc5ed \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c NLP \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc2dc\ud000\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc608\uce21\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Transformer \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5<\/h2>\n<p>Transformer\ub294 Google\uc758 &#8220;Attention is All You Need&#8221;\ub77c\ub294 \ub17c\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\uc74c \uc18c\uac1c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. RNN\uacfc\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac Transformer\ub294 \uc804\uccb4 \uc785\ub825 \uc2dc\ud000\uc2a4\ub97c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc5f0\uc0b0 \uc18d\ub3c4\uac00 \ube60\ub974\uace0 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>4.1. Attention \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998<\/h3>\n<p>Attention \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uc740 \uc785\ub825 \uc2dc\ud000\uc2a4\uc758 \uac01 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc911\uc694\ud55c\uc9c0\ub97c \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \uac00\uc911\uce58\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ub354 \uc9d1\uc911\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \uae30\uacc4 \ubc88\uc5ed\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354\uc6b1 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub09c \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ubc1c\ud718\ud558\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>4.2. BERT\uc640 GPT<\/h3>\n<p>Transformer \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc911 BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)\uc640 GPT(Generative Pre-trained Transformer)\uac00 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. BERT\ub294 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc744 \uc591\ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \ud45c\ud604\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\uace0, GPT\ub294 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>5. \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ucd5c\uc2e0 \uacbd\ud5a5<\/h2>\n<p>\uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac \ubd84\uc57c\ub294 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubaa8\ub378\uacfc \uae30\ubc95\uc774 \ubc1c\ud45c\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc1c\uc804\uc740 \ub300\ub7c9\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \uac15\ud654\ub41c \ucef4\ud4e8\ud305 \uc131\ub2a5 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \uac00\ub2a5\ud574\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>6. \uc2e4\uc2b5: LSTM\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uac10\uc815 \ubd84\uc11d<\/h2>\n<p>\uc774\uc81c LSTM\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uac10\uc815 \ubd84\uc11d \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud574\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2e4\uc2b5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Python\uacfc Keras \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub274\uc2a4 \uae30\uc0ac\uc758 \uac10\uc815\uc744 \ubd84\ub958\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uad6c\ucd95\ud560 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>6.1. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc218\uc9d1<\/h3>\n<p>\uba3c\uc800, \uac10\uc815 \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc218\uc9d1\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae0d\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uc0ac\uc640 \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uc0ac\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. Kaggle\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uac10\uc815 \ubd84\uc11d \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc744 \ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>6.2. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc804\ucc98\ub9ac<\/h3>\n<p>\uc218\uc9d1\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc815\uc81c, \ud1a0\ud070\ud654, \ud328\ub529 \ub4f1\uc758 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac70\uccd0\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud2b9\uc218\ubb38\uc790\ub97c \uc81c\uac70\ud558\uace0, \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc815\uc218 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud55c \ud6c4, \uc2dc\ud000\uc2a4 \uae38\uc774\ub97c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \ub9de\ucd94\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud328\ub529\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>6.3. \ubaa8\ub378 \uad6c\ucd95<\/h3>\n<p>\ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c LSTM \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uad6c\ucd95\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. Keras\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec Sequential API\ub85c \uac04\ub2e8\ud558\uac8c \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc124\uacc4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code>from keras.models import Sequential\nfrom keras.layers import LSTM, Dense, Embedding, SpatialDropout1D\n\nmodel = Sequential()\nmodel.add(Embedding(input_dim=vocab_size, output_dim=embedding_dim, input_length=max_length))\nmodel.add(SpatialDropout1D(0.2))\nmodel.add(LSTM(100, dropout=0.2, recurrent_dropout=0.2))\nmodel.add(Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>6.4. \ubaa8\ub378 \ud559\uc2b5<\/h3>\n<p>\ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud55c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc190\uc2e4 \ud568\uc218\uc640 \uc635\ud2f0\ub9c8\uc774\uc800\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\uc5ec \ud559\uc2b5\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud1b5 binary_crossentropy\uc640 Adam \uc635\ud2f0\ub9c8\uc774\uc800\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>6.5. \ubaa8\ub378 \ud3c9\uac00<\/h3>\n<p>\ud559\uc2b5\uc774 \uc644\ub8cc\ub41c \ud6c4, \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\ub85c \uc815\ud655\ub3c4, \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4, \uc7ac\ud604\uc728 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc9c0\ud45c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>7. \uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n<p>\ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc758 \uc2ec\ud654 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. RNN, LSTM, Transformer\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c NLP \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \ubc1c\uc804\uc774 \ub354\uc6b1 \uae30\ub300\ub418\ub294 \uc774 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\uace0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud574 \ub098\uac00\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uacfc \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc740 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c \ud601\uc2e0\uc744 \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4\ub0b4\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc2dd\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc801\uc6a9 \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2ec\ud654\ub41c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc313\uc544\uac00\uae38 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\ucc38\uace0 \ubb38\ud5cc<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Vaswani, A., et al. (2017). Attention is All You Need. NIPS.<\/li>\n<li>Devlin, J., et al. (2018). BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. arXiv.<\/li>\n<li>Radford, A., et al. (2019). Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners. OpenAI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac(Natural Language Processing, NLP)\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uac00 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0 \ud574\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5\uc758 \ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2ec\ud654 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uace0, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\uacfc \uae30\ubc95, \uc801\uc6a9 \uc608\uc81c, \ucd5c\uc2e0 \ub3d9\ud5a5 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc0c1\uc138\ud788 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 NLP\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ud574\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ub3c5\uc790\ub97c \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1. \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc758 \uae30\ucd08 \uc810\uac80 \uba3c\uc800, \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc758 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/25379\/\" class=\"more-link\">\ub354 \ubcf4\uae30<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;13. \ub525 \ub7ec\ub2dd\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac, Part 2. \uc2ec\ud654 \uacfc\uc815&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-16"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - 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