{"id":27631,"date":"2024-10-27T14:42:33","date_gmt":"2024-10-27T14:42:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/?p=27631"},"modified":"2024-11-26T07:16:36","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T07:16:36","slug":"c-%ec%bd%94%eb%94%a9%ed%85%8c%ec%8a%a4%ed%8a%b8-%ea%b0%95%ec%a2%8c-%eb%b9%8c%eb%94%a9-%ec%88%9c%ec%84%9c-%ea%b5%ac%ed%95%98%ea%b8%b0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/27631\/","title":{"rendered":"C++ \ucf54\ub529\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uac15\uc88c, \ube4c\ub529 \uc21c\uc11c \uad6c\ud558\uae30"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\ubb38\uc81c \uc124\uba85<\/h2>\n

\n \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uc758 \ube4c\ub529\uc774 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac01 \ube4c\ub529\uc740 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ubc88\ud638\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70,
\n \ube4c\ub529\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ub3c4\ub85c\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ube4c\ub529\ub4e4\uc744 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \uc21c\uc11c\ub85c
\n \uac74\ucd95\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uaddc\uce59\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uba70, \uadf8 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n

\n \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ube4c\ub529\uc740 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uac74\ucd95 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uacb0\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc704\uc0c1 \uc815\ub82c(Topological Sort) \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c
\n \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uaddc\uce59\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \ube4c\ub529\uc758 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uc5ec \ucd9c\ub825\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774
\n \ubaa9\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n

\uc785\ub825 \ud615\uc2dd<\/h2>\n

\n \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc904\uc5d0\ub294 \ube4c\ub529\uc758 \uc218 N\uacfc \ub3c4\ub85c\uc758 \uc218 M\uc774 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. (1 \u2264 N \u2264 10^6, 0 \u2264 M \u2264 10^6)
\n \ub2e4\uc74c M\uac1c\uc758 \uc904\uc5d0\ub294 \ub3c4\ub85c\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70, \ub450 \uc815\uc218 A, B\uac00 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc774\ub294 \ube4c\ub529 A\uac00
\n \ube4c\ub529 B\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uba3c\uc800 \uac74\ucd95\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n

\ucd9c\ub825 \ud615\uc2dd<\/h2>\n

\n \ube4c\ub529\uc758 \uac74\ucd95 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \ud55c \uc904\ub85c \ucd9c\ub825\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uac74\ucd95 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 ‘0’\uc744 \ucd9c\ub825\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n <\/p>\n

\uc608\uc81c<\/h2>\n

\uc785\ub825<\/h3>\n
\n    4 2\n    1 2\n    2 3\n    <\/pre>\n
\ucd9c\ub825<\/h3>\n
\n    1 2 3 4\n    <\/pre>\n
\uc811\uadfc \ubc29\ubc95<\/h2>\n
\n        \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.
\n        1. DFS(Depth-First Search)\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95
\n        2. Kahn\uc758 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\n    <\/p>\n
\n        \uc704\uc0c1 \uc815\ub82c \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc774\ud074\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ube4c\ub529 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.
\n        \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc0ac\uc774\ud074\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uba74 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \ub9cc\uc871\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0,
\n        \uc774\ub97c \uccb4\ud06c\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n
1. DFS\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95<\/h3>\n
\n        DFS\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub97c \ud0d0\uc0c9\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uac01 \ub178\ub4dc\ub97c \ubc29\ubb38\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c
\n        \uc704\uc0c1 \uc815\ub82c\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uac01 \ub178\ub4dc\ub97c \uc2a4\ud0dd\uc5d0
\n        \ucd94\uac00\ud560 \ub54c, \ud574\ub2f9 \ub178\ub4dc\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc790\uc2dd \ub178\ub4dc\uac00 \ubc29\ubb38\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n
2. Kahn\uc758 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998<\/h3>\n
\n        Kahn\uc758 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc740 \uac01 \ub178\ub4dc\uc758 \uc9c4\uc785 \ucc28\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc704\uc0c1 \uc815\ub82c\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.
\n        \uc774 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc758 \uc9c4\uc785 \ucc28\uc218\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n
  2. \uc9c4\uc785 \ucc28\uc218\uac00 0\uc778 \ub178\ub4dc\ub97c \ud050\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n
  3. \ud050\uc5d0\uc11c \ub178\ub4dc\ub97c \ud558\ub098\uc529 \uaebc\ub0b4\uc5b4 \ucd9c\ub825\ud558\uace0, \ud574\ub2f9 \ub178\ub4dc\uc640 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub178\ub4dc\uc758
    \n                \uc9c4\uc785 \ucc28\uc218\ub97c \uac10\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uc9c4\uc785 \ucc28\uc218\uac00 0\uc774 \ub41c \ub178\ub4dc\ub97c \ud050\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n
  4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ubc18\ubcf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub178\ub4dc\ub97c \ubc29\ubb38\ud588\ub2e4\uba74 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\uc0c1 \uc815\ub82c\uc744
    \n                \uc218\ud589\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uace0, \uc0ac\uc774\ud074\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \uad6c\ud604<\/h2>\n
    \n        \uc774\uc81c \uc704\uc5d0 \uc124\uba85\ud55c Kahn\uc758 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c
    \n        \uad6c\ud604\ud574\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n
    \n#include <iostream>\n#include <vector>\n#include <queue>\nusing namespace std;\n\nvoid topologicalSort(int N, vector>& graph, vector& inDegree) {\n    queue q;\n    vector result;\n\n    \/\/ \uc9c4\uc785 \ucc28\uc218\uac00 0\uc778 \ub178\ub4dc\ub97c \ud050\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00\n    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {\n        if (inDegree[i] == 0) {\n            q.push(i);\n        }\n    }\n\n    while (!q.empty()) {\n        int current = q.front();\n        q.pop();\n        result.push_back(current);\n\n        \/\/ \ud604\uc7ac \ub178\ub4dc\uc640 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub178\ub4dc\uc758 \uc9c4\uc785 \ucc28\uc218 \uac10\uc18c\n        for (int neighbor : graph[current]) {\n            inDegree[neighbor]--;\n            if (inDegree[neighbor] == 0) {\n                q.push(neighbor);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \uacb0\uacfc \ucd9c\ub825\n    if (result.size() == N) {\n        for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {\n            cout << result[i] << \" \";\n        }\n        cout << endl;\n    } else {\n        cout << \"0\" << endl; \/\/ \uc0ac\uc774\ud074\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0\n    }\n}\n\nint main() {\n    int N, M;\n    cin >> N >> M;\n\n    vector> graph(N + 1);\n    vector inDegree(N + 1, 0);\n\n    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {\n        int A, B;\n        cin >> A >> B; \/\/ A -> B\n        graph[A].push_back(B);\n        inDegree[B]++;\n    }\n\n    topologicalSort(N, graph, inDegree);\n\n    return 0;\n}\n    <\/int><\/vector<\/int><\/int><\/int><\/vector<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n
    \n        \uc704\uc0c1 \uc815\ub82c \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc811\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc720\ud615 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c,
    \n        \ud2b9\ud788 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ub54c \uc720\uc6a9\ud558\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.
    \n        \uc774 \uac15\uc88c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Kahn\uc758 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ube4c\ub529 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.
    \n        \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubcc0\ud615 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc2e4\uc81c \ucf54\ub529\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ub825\uc744 \uc313\uae30 \uc704\ud574
    \n        \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud480\uc5b4\ubcf4\uae30\ub97c \uad8c\uc7a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n
    \n        \uc218\uace0\ud558\uc168\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4! \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \ucf54\ub529\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc900\ube44\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n    <\/p>\n
    <\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \ubb38\uc81c \uc124\uba85 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uc758 \ube4c\ub529\uc774 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac01 \ube4c\ub529\uc740 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ubc88\ud638\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ube4c\ub529\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ub3c4\ub85c\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ube4c\ub529\ub4e4\uc744 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \uc21c\uc11c\ub85c \uac74\ucd95\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uaddc\uce59\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uba70, \uadf8 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ube4c\ub529\uc740 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uac74\ucd95 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uacb0\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc704\uc0c1 \uc815\ub82c(Topological Sort) \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uaddc\uce59\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 … \ub354 \ubcf4\uae30 “C++ \ucf54\ub529\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uac15\uc88c, \ube4c\ub529 \uc21c\uc11c \uad6c\ud558\uae30”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27631","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-c---2"],"yoast_head":"\nC++ \ucf54\ub529\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uac15\uc88c, \ube4c\ub529 \uc21c\uc11c \uad6c\ud558\uae30 - \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/27631\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C++ \ucf54\ub529\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uac15\uc88c, \ube4c\ub529 \uc21c\uc11c \uad6c\ud558\uae30 - \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\ubb38\uc81c \uc124\uba85 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uc758 \ube4c\ub529\uc774 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac01 \ube4c\ub529\uc740 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ubc88\ud638\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ube4c\ub529\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ub3c4\ub85c\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ube4c\ub529\ub4e4\uc744 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \uc21c\uc11c\ub85c \uac74\ucd95\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uaddc\uce59\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uba70, \uadf8 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ube4c\ub529\uc740 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uac74\ucd95 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uacb0\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc704\uc0c1 \uc815\ub82c(Topological Sort) \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uaddc\uce59\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 … \ub354 \ubcf4\uae30 "C++ \ucf54\ub529\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uac15\uc88c, \ube4c\ub529 \uc21c\uc11c \uad6c\ud558\uae30"\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/27631\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\ub77c\uc774\ube0c\uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-27T14:42:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T07:16:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"root\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@bebubo4\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@bebubo4\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\uae00\uc4f4\uc774\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"root\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/27631\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/27631\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"root\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/#\/schema\/person\/91b6b3b138fbba0efb4ae64b1abd81d7\"},\"headline\":\"C++ \ucf54\ub529\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uac15\uc88c, \ube4c\ub529 \uc21c\uc11c \uad6c\ud558\uae30\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-27T14:42:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-26T07:16:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/27631\/\"},\"wordCount\":22,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"C++ \ucf54\ub529\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uac15\uc88c\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/27631\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/27631\/\",\"name\":\"C++ \ucf54\ub529\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uac15\uc88c, \ube4c\ub529 \uc21c\uc11c \uad6c\ud558\uae30 - 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