{"id":29975,"date":"2024-10-28T03:18:58","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T03:18:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/?p=29975"},"modified":"2024-11-26T06:50:36","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T06:50:36","slug":"%eb%94%a5%eb%9f%ac%eb%8b%9d-%ed%8c%8c%ec%9d%b4%ed%86%a0%ec%b9%98-%ea%b0%95%ec%a2%8c-%eb%aa%ac%ed%85%8c%ec%b9%b4%eb%a5%bc%eb%a1%9c-%ed%8a%b8%eb%a6%ac-%ed%83%90%ec%83%89-%ec%9b%90%eb%a6%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/29975\/","title":{"rendered":"\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58 \uac15\uc88c, \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9 \uc6d0\ub9ac"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uacfc \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9(MCTS, Monte Carlo Tree Search)\uc740 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uacb0\uc815\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub110\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 MCTS\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uace0, \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uad6c\ud604 \uc608\uc81c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9\uc758 \uac1c\uc694<\/h2>\n

MCTS\ub294 \uac8c\uc784 \uc774\ub860, \ucd5c\uc801\ud654 \ubb38\uc81c, \ub85c\ubd07 \uacf5\ud559 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc73c\ub85c, \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc758\uc0ac \uacb0\uc815\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9ac\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. MCTS\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uc544\uc774\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \uc0d8\ud50c\ub9c1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud2b8\ub9ac\ub97c \ud0d0\uc0c9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \ud2b9\uc815 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \ucde8\ud574\ubcf4\uace0, \ud574\ub2f9 \ud589\ub3d9\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc88b\uc740\uc9c0\ub97c \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

MCTS\uc758 4\ub2e8\uacc4<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \uc120\ud0dd(Selection)<\/strong>: \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uace0, \uc120\ud0dd \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2e4\uc74c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n
  2. \ud655\uc7a5(Expansion)<\/strong>: \uc120\ud0dd\ub41c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub178\ub4dc\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub178\ub4dc\ub294 \uc120\ud0dd\ub41c \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud55c \ud6c4\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n
  3. \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158(Simulation)<\/strong>: \ud655\uc7a5\ub41c \ub178\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc791\uc704\ub85c \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\uc5ec \uac8c\uc784\uc758 \ub05d\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uace0, \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ud3c9\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n
  4. \uc5ed\uc804\ud30c(Backpropagation)<\/strong>: \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\ubaa8 \ub178\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ud559\uc2b5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \ub178\ub4dc\uc758 \uc2b9\ub9ac \ud69f\uc218, \ubc29\ubb38 \ud69f\uc218 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uacfc\uc758 \uacb0\ud569<\/h2>\n

    MCTS\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub97c \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uaddc\uce59 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uacfc \uacb0\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ubc1c\ud718\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud589\ub3d9\uc758 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uc608\uce21\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc758 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ud3c9\uac00\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud2b9\ud788 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

    \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub85c MCTS \uad6c\ud604\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n

    \uc774\uc81c \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c Tic-Tac-Toe \uac8c\uc784\uc744 \uc608\uc81c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

    \ud658\uacbd \uc124\uc815<\/h3>\n

    \uc6b0\uc120 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\ub97c \uc124\uce58\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n

    pip install torch numpy<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \uac8c\uc784 \ud658\uacbd \uad6c\ucd95<\/h3>\n
    Tic-Tac-Toe \uac8c\uc784\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
    import numpy as np\n\nclass TicTacToe:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.board = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=int)\n        self.current_player = 1\n\n    def reset(self):\n        self.board.fill(0)\n        self.current_player = 1\n\n    def available_actions(self):\n        return np.argwhere(self.board == 0)\n\n    def take_action(self, action):\n        self.board[action[0], action[1]] = self.current_player\n        self.current_player = 3 - self.current_player  # Switch between players\n\n    def is_winner(self, player):\n        return any(np.all(self.board[i, :] == player) for i in range(3)) or \\\n               any(np.all(self.board[:, j] == player) for j in range(3)) or \\\n               np.all(np.diag(self.board) == player) or \\\n               np.all(np.diag(np.fliplr(self.board)) == player)\n\n    def is_full(self):\n        return np.all(self.board != 0)\n\n    def get_state(self):\n        return self.board.copy()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    MCTS \uad6c\ud604<\/h3>\n
    \uc774\uc81c MCTS \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 MCTS\uc758 \uad6c\ucd95 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
    import random\n\nclass MCTSNode:\n    def __init__(self, state, parent=None):\n        self.state = state\n        self.parent = parent\n        self.children = []\n        self.visits = 0\n        self.wins = 0\n\n    def ucb1(self, exploration_constant=1.41):\n        if self.visits == 0:\n            return float(\"inf\")\n        return self.wins \/ self.visits + exploration_constant * np.sqrt(np.log(self.parent.visits) \/ self.visits)\n\ndef mcts(root_state, iterations):\n    root_node = MCTSNode(root_state)\n    \n    for _ in range(iterations):\n        node = root_node\n        state = root_state.copy()\n\n        # Selection\n        while node.children:\n            node = max(node.children, key=lambda n: n.ucb1())\n            state.take_action(node.state)\n\n        # Expansion\n        available_actions = state.available_actions()\n        if available_actions.size > 0:\n            action = random.choice(available_actions)\n            state.take_action(action)\n            new_node = MCTSNode(action, parent=node)\n            node.children.append(new_node)\n            node = new_node\n\n        # Simulation\n        while not state.is_full():\n            available_actions = state.available_actions()\n            if not available_actions.any():\n                break\n            action = random.choice(available_actions)\n            state.take_action(action)\n            if state.is_winner(1):  # Player 1 is the maximizer\n                node.wins += 1\n\n        # Backpropagation\n        while node is not None:\n            node.visits += 1\n            node = node.parent\n            \n    return max(root_node.children, key=lambda n: n.visits).state\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \uac8c\uc784 \uc2e4\ud589<\/h3>\n
    \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c, MCTS\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\uc81c \uac8c\uc784\uc744 \uc2e4\ud589\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
    def play_game():\n    game = TicTacToe()\n    game.reset()\n\n    while not game.is_full():\n        if game.current_player == 1:\n            action = mcts(game.get_state(), iterations=1000)\n        else:\n            available_actions = game.available_actions()\n            action = random.choice(available_actions)\n\n        game.take_action(action)\n        print(game.get_state())\n        \n        if game.is_winner(1):\n            print(\"Player 1 wins!\")\n            return\n        elif game.is_winner(2):\n            print(\"Player 2 wins!\")\n            return\n    \n    print(\"Draw!\")\n\nplay_game()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n
    \uc774\ubc88 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc640 \uc774\ub97c \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub85c \uad6c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. MCTS\ub294 \ud2b9\ud788 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc758\uc0ac \uacb0\uc815 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c Tic-Tac-Toe \uc608\uc81c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 MCTS\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \ub354 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uac8c\uc784\uc774\ub098 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 MCTS\uc758 \uc751\uc6a9\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud574 \ubcf4\uc2dc\uae30 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
    <\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uacfc \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9(MCTS, Monte Carlo Tree Search)\uc740 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uacb0\uc815\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub110\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 MCTS\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uace0, \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uad6c\ud604 \uc608\uc81c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9\uc758 \uac1c\uc694 MCTS\ub294 \uac8c\uc784 \uc774\ub860, \ucd5c\uc801\ud654 \ubb38\uc81c, \ub85c\ubd07 \uacf5\ud559 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc73c\ub85c, … \ub354 \ubcf4\uae30 “\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58 \uac15\uc88c,  \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9 \uc6d0\ub9ac”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-33"],"yoast_head":"\n\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58 \uac15\uc88c, \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9 \uc6d0\ub9ac - \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/29975\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58 \uac15\uc88c, \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9 \uc6d0\ub9ac - \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uacfc \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9(MCTS, Monte Carlo Tree Search)\uc740 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uacb0\uc815\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub110\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 MCTS\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uace0, \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uad6c\ud604 \uc608\uc81c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9\uc758 \uac1c\uc694 MCTS\ub294 \uac8c\uc784 \uc774\ub860, \ucd5c\uc801\ud654 \ubb38\uc81c, \ub85c\ubd07 \uacf5\ud559 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc73c\ub85c, … \ub354 \ubcf4\uae30 "\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58 \uac15\uc88c, \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub9ac \ud0d0\uc0c9 \uc6d0\ub9ac"\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/29975\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\ub77c\uc774\ube0c\uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-28T03:18:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-26T06:50:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"root\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" 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