{"id":30022,"date":"2024-10-28T03:19:12","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T03:19:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/?p=30022"},"modified":"2024-11-26T06:50:22","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T06:50:22","slug":"%eb%94%a5%eb%9f%ac%eb%8b%9d-%ed%8c%8c%ec%9d%b4%ed%86%a0%ec%b9%98-%ea%b0%95%ec%a2%8c-%eb%94%a5%eb%9f%ac%eb%8b%9d-%ed%95%99%ec%8a%b5-%ea%b3%bc%ec%a0%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/30022\/","title":{"rendered":"\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58 \uac15\uc88c, \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud559\uc2b5 \uacfc\uc815"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><body><\/p>\n<p>\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc740 \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5\uc758 \ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\ub85c, \uc778\uacf5\uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uae30\uacc4\ud559\uc2b5 \ubc29\ubc95\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uae30\uc220 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58(PyTorch)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc26c\uc6b4 \ub3d9\uc801 \uacc4\uc0b0 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc640 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ud150\uc11c \uc5f0\uc0b0 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc5ec \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uc640 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc778\uae30\ub97c \ub04c\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>1. \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \uae30\ucd08<\/h2>\n<p>\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc740 \uc778\uacf5\uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uace0 \uc608\uce21\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uacf5\uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc740 \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc801 \uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ubaa8\ubc29\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c, \uac01\uac01\uc758 \ub178\ub4dc\uac00 \uc2e0\uacbd\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uace0 \uc11c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>1.1 \uc778\uacf5\uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc758 \uad6c\uc870<\/h3>\n<p>\uc778\uacf5\uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc785\ub825\uce35, \uc740\ub2c9\uce35, \ucd9c\ub825\uce35\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uc785\ub825\uce35(Input Layer)<\/strong>: \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\ub294 \uce35\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\uc740\ub2c9\uce35(Hidden Layer)<\/strong>: \uc911\uac04 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uce35\uc73c\ub85c, \ud558\ub098 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc874\uc7ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ucd9c\ub825\uce35(Output Layer)<\/strong>: \uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc758 \ucd5c\uc885 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uce35\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.2 \ud65c\uc131\ud654 \ud568\uc218(Activation Function)<\/h3>\n<p>\ud65c\uc131\ud654 \ud568\uc218\ub294 \uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc758 \uac01 \ub274\ub7f0\uc774 \ud65c\uc131\ud654\ub420\uc9c0\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ud568\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud754\ud788 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ud65c\uc131\ud654 \ud568\uc218\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\uc2dc\uadf8\ubaa8\uc774\ub4dc(Sigmoid)<\/strong>: $f(x) = \\frac{1}{1 + e^{-x}}$<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ub810\ub8e8(ReLU)<\/strong>: $f(x) = max(0, x)$<\/li>\n<li><strong>\ud0e0\ud558\uc774\ud504(ACTIVATION)<\/strong>: $f(x) = \\tanh(x)$<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58 \uc18c\uac1c<\/h2>\n<p>\ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub294 \ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ubd81\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \uc624\ud508\uc18c\uc2a4 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\ub85c, \ud30c\uc774\uc36c\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub3d9\uc791\ud558\uba70 \ud150\uc11c \uc5f0\uc0b0, \uc790\ub3d9 \ubbf8\ubd84, GPU \uac00\uc18d\ud654 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\uc758 \uc7a5\uc810\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\ub3d9\uc801 \uacc4\uc0b0 \uadf8\ub798\ud504 \uc9c0\uc6d0<\/li>\n<li>\uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 API\uc640 \ubb38\uc11c\ud654<\/li>\n<li>\ud65c\ubc1c\ud55c \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0\uc640 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc608\uc81c \uc81c\uacf5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud559\uc2b5 \uacfc\uc815<\/h2>\n<p>\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud559\uc2b5 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 \ud06c\uac8c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc900\ube44, \ubaa8\ub378 \uad6c\uc131, \ud559\uc2b5, \ud3c9\uac00\uc758 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \ub098\ub20c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h3>3.1 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc900\ube44<\/h3>\n<p>\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc900\ube44\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc218\uc9d1<\/li>\n<li>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc804\ucc98\ub9ac(\uc815\uaddc\ud654, \uc0d8\ud50c\ub9c1 \ub4f1)<\/li>\n<li>\ud6c8\ub828 \uc138\ud2b8\uc640 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc138\ud2b8 \ubd84\ub9ac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3.2 \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc900\ube44\ud558\uae30<\/h3>\n<p>\ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uae30 \uc704\ud574 <code>torchvision<\/code>\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, CIFAR-10 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc744 \ub85c\ub4dc\ud558\ub294 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<pre><code>import torch\nimport torchvision\nimport torchvision.transforms as transforms\n\ntransform = transforms.Compose(\n    [transforms.ToTensor(),\n     transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))])\n\ntrainset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root='.\/data', train=True,\n                                        download=True, transform=transform)\ntrainloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(trainset, batch_size=4,\n                                          shuffle=True, num_workers=2)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3.3 \ubaa8\ub378 \uad6c\uc131<\/h3>\n<p>\ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <code>torch.nn.Module<\/code> \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ub97c \uc0c1\uc18d\ubc1b\uc544 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc815\uc758 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798\ub294 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c CNN \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc608\uc2dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n<pre><code>import torch.nn as nn\nimport torch.nn.functional as F\n\nclass Net(nn.Module):\n    def __init__(self):\n        super(Net, self).__init__()\n        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 6, 5)\n        self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)\n        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5)\n        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120)\n        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)\n        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)\n\n    def forward(self, x):\n        x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))\n        x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))\n        x = x.view(-1, 16 * 5 * 5)\n        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))\n        x = F.relu(self.fc2(x))\n        x = self.fc3(x)\n        return x<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3.4 \ubaa8\ub378 \ud559\uc2b5<\/h3>\n<p>\ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \uc190\uc2e4 \ud568\uc218\uc640 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uc815\uc758\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub958 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud06c\ub85c\uc2a4 \uc5d4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud53c \uc190\uc2e4 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba70, \ucd5c\uc801\ud654 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 SGD\ub098 Adam\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code>import torch.optim as optim\n\nnet = Net()\ncriterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()\noptimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.001, momentum=0.9)\n\nfor epoch in range(2):  # \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc744 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc88 \ubc18\ubcf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n    for i, data in enumerate(trainloader, 0):\n        inputs, labels = data\n        optimizer.zero_grad()  # Gradients \ucd08\uae30\ud654\n        outputs = net(inputs)  # Forward pass\n        loss = criterion(outputs, labels)  # \uc190\uc2e4 \uacc4\uc0b0\n        loss.backward()  # Backward pass\n        optimizer.step()  # \uac00\uc911\uce58 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\n\nprint('Finished Training')<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3.5 \ubaa8\ub378 \ud3c9\uac00<\/h3>\n<p>\ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud55c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \ud3c9\uac00\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\ud655\ub3c4\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<pre><code>correct = 0\ntotal = 0\nwith torch.no_grad():  # Gradient \uacc4\uc0b0 \ube44\ud65c\uc131\ud654\n    for data in testloader:\n        images, labels = data\n        outputs = net(images)\n        _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)\n        total += labels.size(0)\n        correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()\n\nprint('Accuracy of the network on the 10000 test images: %d %%' % (\n    100 * correct \/ total))<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>4. \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804 \ubc29\ud5a5<\/h2>\n<p>\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uacc4\uc18d \ubc1c\uc804\ud560 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc790\uc728\uc8fc\ud589\ucc28, \uc758\ub8cc \uc9c4\ub2e8, \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac, \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0 \uc0dd\uc131 \ub4f1 \ub9ce\uc740 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud601\uc2e0\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc62c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc0c1\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58 \ub610\ud55c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud2b8\ub80c\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \ubc1c\uc804\ud574 \ub098\uac08 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h2>\uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n<p>\uc774\ubc88 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec, \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud559\uc2b5 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc900\ube44, \ubaa8\ub378 \uad6c\uc131, \ud559\uc2b5, \ud3c9\uac00\uc758 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\uac00 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uacfc \ud3b8\ub9ac\ud568\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8 \uac15\uc88c\uac00 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub113\ud788\uace0, \uc2e4\uc81c \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc740 \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5\uc758 \ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\ub85c, \uc778\uacf5\uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uae30\uacc4\ud559\uc2b5 \ubc29\ubc95\uc758 \uc9d1\ud569\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uae30\uc220 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58(PyTorch)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc26c\uc6b4 \ub3d9\uc801 \uacc4\uc0b0 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc640 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ud150\uc11c \uc5f0\uc0b0 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc5ec \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uc640 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc778\uae30\ub97c \ub04c\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1. \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc758 \uae30\ucd08 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc740 \uc778\uacf5\uc2e0\uacbd\ub9dd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/30022\/\" class=\"more-link\">\ub354 \ubcf4\uae30<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58 \uac15\uc88c, \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud559\uc2b5 \uacfc\uc815&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-33"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud30c\uc774\ud1a0\uce58 \uac15\uc88c, \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud559\uc2b5 \uacfc\uc815 - \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\uc2a4\ub9c8\ud2b8<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/30022\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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