\ud604\ub300 \uc6f9 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uacfc \uc131\ub2a5\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ubc31\uc5d4\ub4dc \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc911\uc694\ud574\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. FastAPI\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \ucda9\uc871\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc124\uacc4\ub41c Python \uc6f9 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. FastAPI\ub294 \ube44\ub3d9\uae30 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub798\ubc0d\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uba70, \ube60\ub978 API \uac1c\ubc1c\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 FastAPI\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uace0, Uvicorn\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
FastAPI\ub294 Python\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc131\ub41c \ucd5c\uc2e0 \uc6f9 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc8fc\uc694 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
Uvicorn\uc740 ASGI(Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface) \uc11c\ubc84\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. FastAPI\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ube44\ub3d9\uae30 \uc6f9 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uacbd\ub7c9 \uc6f9 \uc11c\ubc84\ub85c, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ube44\ub3d9\uae30 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. FastAPI\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \ub54c, \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc7a5\uc810\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
FastAPI\ub97c \uc124\uce58\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 Python\uc774 \uc124\uce58\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. Python\uc774 \uc124\uce58\ub41c \ud6c4, \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec FastAPI\uc640 Uvicorn\uc744 \uc124\uce58\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
pip install fastapi uvicorn<\/code><\/pre>\n4. FastAPI \uae30\ubcf8 \uc124\uc815<\/h2>\n
\uc124\uce58\uac00 \uc644\ub8cc\ub418\uba74, FastAPI\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c API \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uad6c\ucd95\ud574\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 FastAPI \uc124\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \ucf54\ub4dc \uc608\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
from fastapi import FastAPI\n \napp = FastAPI()\n\n@app.get(\"\/\")\nasync def read_root():\n return {\"message\": \"Hello, FastAPI!\"}<\/code><\/pre>\n5. Uvicorn\uc73c\ub85c FastAPI \uc11c\ubc84 \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n
FastAPI \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc744 \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 Uvicorn\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc791\uc131\ud55c \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c main.py<\/code>\ub77c\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc800\uc7a5\ud55c \ud6c4, \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub85c Uvicorn \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\nuvicorn main:app --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c main<\/code>\uc740 \ud30c\uc77c \uc774\ub984\uc774\uace0, app<\/code>\ub294 FastAPI \uc778\uc2a4\ud134\uc2a4\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. --reload<\/code> \ud50c\ub798\uadf8\ub294 \ucf54\ub4dc \ubcc0\uacbd \uc2dc \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc2dc\uc791\ud574\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n5.1 \uc2e4\ud589 \uacb0\uacfc \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30<\/h3>\n
\uc11c\ubc84\uac00 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\uba74, \ube0c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc800\ub97c \uc5f4\uace0 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000<\/code>\uc5d0 \uc811\uc18d\ud558\uc5ec \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. JSON \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c {“message”: “Hello, FastAPI!”}\uac00 \ucd9c\ub825\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, Swagger UI\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 API \ubb38\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc18c\ub294 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/docs<\/code>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n6. FastAPI\uc758 \uacbd\ub85c \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\ub294 \uacbd\ub85c \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 URL\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud574\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c API\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud574\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
@app.get(\"\/users\/{user_id}\")\nasync def read_user(user_id: int):\n return {\"user_id\": user_id}<\/code><\/pre>\n\uc704\uc758 \uc608\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c user_id<\/code>\ub294 URL \uacbd\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\ucd9c\ub418\ub294 \uac12\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud55c \ud6c4 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/users\/1<\/code>\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uacbd\ub85c\uc5d0 \uc811\uc18d\ud558\uba74 {\"user_id\": 1}<\/code>\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n7. FastAPI\uc758 \ucffc\ub9ac \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218<\/h2>\n
\ucffc\ub9ac \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218 \uc5ed\uc2dc FastAPI\uc5d0\uc11c \uc27d\uac8c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \ucffc\ub9ac \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc608\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
@app.get(\"\/items\/\")\nasync def read_item(q: str = None):\n return {\"query\": q}<\/code><\/pre>\n\uc774 API\uc5d0 \uc811\uc18d\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ucffc\ub9ac \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\uba74, \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/items\/?q=test<\/code>\ub85c \uc811\uadfc \uc2dc {\"query\": \"test\"}<\/code>\ub77c\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubc18\ud658\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n8. FastAPI\uc5d0\uc11c POST \uc694\uccad \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\ub294 POST \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798\ub294 JSON \ud615\uc2dd\uc758 \uc694\uccad \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uc608\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
from pydantic import BaseModel\n\nclass Item(BaseModel):\n name: str\n price: float\n is_offer: bool = None\n\n@app.post(\"\/items\/\")\nasync def create_item(item: Item):\n return item<\/code><\/pre>\n\uc704\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c POST \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uba74, \uc804\uc1a1\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubc18\ud658\ud558\ub294 API\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
import requests\n\nresponse = requests.post(\"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/items\/\", json={\"name\": \"test\", \"price\": 42.0})\nprint(response.json())<\/code><\/pre>\n9. FastAPI\uc640 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc5f0\ub3d9<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\ub294 SQLAlchemy\uc640 \uac19\uc740 ORM(Object Relational Mapping) \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc640\uc758 \uc5f0\ub3d9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc800\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c SQLAlchemy\uc640 FastAPI\ub97c \uc5f0\ub3d9\ud55c \ucf54\ub4dc \uc608\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String\nfrom sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker\n\nDATABASE_URL = \"sqlite:\/\/\/.\/test.db\"\nengine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)\nSessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)\nBase = declarative_base()\n\nclass User(Base):\n __tablename__ = \"users\"\n id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)\n name = Column(String, index=True)\n\nBase.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)<\/code><\/pre>\n\uc704\uc758 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 SQLite \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 users<\/code> \ud14c\uc774\ube14\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. FastAPI\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc785\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc870\ud68c\ud558\ub294 API\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n10. \ube44\ub3d9\uae30 \ucc98\ub9ac<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\ub294 \ube44\ub3d9\uae30 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc5ec\ub7ec API\ub97c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud638\ucd9c\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ub54c \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube44\ub3d9\uae30 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc791\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
import asyncio\n\nasync def fetch_data(url):\n async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:\n response = await client.get(url)\n return response.json()\n\n@app.get(\"\/data\/\")\nasync def get_data():\n url = \"http:\/\/api.example.com\/data\"\n data = await fetch_data(url)\n return data<\/code><\/pre>\n11. FastAPI\uc758 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8 \ubc0f \uc0ad\uc81c<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 PUT \uba54\uc11c\ub4dc\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4\ub97c \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ud558\uace0, DELETE \uba54\uc11c\ub4dc\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub9ac\uc18c\uc2a4\ub97c \uc0ad\uc81c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\uc640 \uc0ad\uc81c\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \uc608\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
@app.put(\"\/items\/{item_id}\")\nasync def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):\n # \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8 \ub85c\uc9c1\n return {\"item_id\": item_id, **item.dict()}\n\n@app.delete(\"\/items\/{item_id}\")\nasync def delete_item(item_id: int):\n # \uc0ad\uc81c \ub85c\uc9c1\n return {\"message\": \"Item has been deleted\", \"item_id\": item_id}<\/code><\/pre>\n12. FastAPI\uc758 \ubbf8\ub4e4\uc6e8\uc5b4<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\ub294 \ubbf8\ub4e4\uc6e8\uc5b4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc694\uccad\uacfc \uc751\ub2f5\uc744 \uac00\ub85c\ucc44\uc5b4 \ud578\ub4e4\ub9c1\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc694\uccad\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub85c\uadf8\ub97c \uae30\ub85d\ud558\ub294 \ubbf8\ub4e4\uc6e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware\n\nclass LogMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):\n async def dispatch(self, request, call_next):\n response = await call_next(request)\n print(f\"Request: {request.url}, Response Status: {response.status_code}\")\n return response\n\napp.add_middleware(LogMiddleware)<\/code><\/pre>\n13. FastAPI\uc640 \ubcf4\uc548<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\ub294 OAuth2\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc778\uc99d \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc548\uc804\ud558\uac8c API\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uace0 \uc811\uadfc \uc81c\uc5b4\ub97c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798\ub294 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \ubcf4\uc548 \uac1c\uc694\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm\n\noauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl=\"token\")\n\n@app.post(\"\/token\")\nasync def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):\n # \uac80\uc99d \ub85c\uc9c1\n return {\"access_token\": form_data.username, \"token_type\": \"bearer\"}<\/code><\/pre>\n14. \ub9c8\uce58\uba70<\/h2>\n
\uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 FastAPI\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubc31\uc5d4\ub4dc \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\uace0 Uvicorn\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube44\ub3d9\uae30 \ucc98\ub9ac, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc5f0\ub3d9, RESTful API \uc124\uacc4 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc6f9 \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uad6c\ucd95\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. FastAPI\ub294 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c\ub3c4 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uac15\ub825\ud568\uc744 \ubc1c\ud718\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac01\uc790\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c FastAPI\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud655\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc2e0\ub9cc\uc758 API \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694!<\/p>\n
\ubd80\ub85d: \uad00\ub828 \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac \ubc0f \uc790\ub8cc<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc798 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc640 \uc790\ub8cc\ub97c \uc18c\uac1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n