{"id":38546,"date":"2024-11-01T18:18:08","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T18:18:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/?p=38546"},"modified":"2024-11-26T06:44:02","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T06:44:02","slug":"fastapi-%ec%84%9c%eb%b2%84%ea%b0%9c%eb%b0%9c-%eb%b0%b0%ed%8f%ac-%ed%99%98%ea%b2%bd-%eb%b3%80%ec%88%98-%ec%84%a4%ec%a0%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/38546\/","title":{"rendered":"FastAPI \uc11c\ubc84\uac1c\ubc1c, \ubc30\ud3ec, \ud658\uacbd \ubcc0\uc218 \uc124\uc815"},"content":{"rendered":"

FastAPI\ub294 \ud604\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc6f9 API\ub97c \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub192\uc740 \uc131\ub2a5\uacfc \ube44\ub3d9\uae30 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 Python \uc6f9 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 FastAPI \uc11c\ubc84 \uac1c\ubc1c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc30\ud3ec, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud658\uacbd \ubcc0\uc218 \uc124\uc815\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc804 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

1. FastAPI \uc18c\uac1c<\/h2>\n

FastAPI\ub294 Python 3.6 \uc774\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uba70, Starlette\uacfc Pydantic\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\ub41c \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc790\ub3d9 API \ubb38\uc11c \uc0dd\uc131, \uc720\ud6a8\uc131 \uac80\uc0ac, \ube44\ub3d9\uae30 \uc9c0\uc6d0, \ub192\uc740 \uc131\ub2a5 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud2b9\uc9d5 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 FastAPI\ub294 RESTful API, Microservices, \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucc98\ub9ac \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158 \ub4f1\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ub370 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

2. FastAPI \uc124\uce58<\/h2>\n

FastAPI\ub294 PyPI\uc5d0\uc11c \uc27d\uac8c \uc124\uce58\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec FastAPI\uc640 ASGI \uc11c\ubc84\uc778 uvicorn\uc744 \uc124\uce58\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n

pip install fastapi uvicorn<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. FastAPI \uae30\ubcf8 \uad6c\uc870<\/h2>\n
FastAPI \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc740 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac00\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
my_fastapi_app\/\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 main.py\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n
\ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74, \ube60\ub978 \uc2dc\uc791\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc608\uc81c \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud574\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
# main.py\nfrom fastapi import FastAPI\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\n@app.get(\"\/\")\nasync def read_root():\n    return {\"message\": \"Hello, World!\"}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc774\uc81c \uc544\ub798 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub85c FastAPI \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
uvicorn main:app --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc11c\ubc84\uac00 \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\uba74, http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/docs<\/a>\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c API \ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
4. RESTful API \uac1c\ubc1c<\/h2>\n
4.1. CRUD API \uad6c\ud604<\/h3>\n
\uc774\uc81c \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c CRUD(Create, Read, Update, Delete) API\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
# main.py\nfrom fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException\nfrom pydantic import BaseModel\nfrom typing import List\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\nclass Item(BaseModel):\n    id: int\n    name: str\n    description: str\n\nitems = []\n\n@app.post(\"\/items\/\", response_model=Item)\nasync def create_item(item: Item):\n    items.append(item)\n    return item\n\n@app.get(\"\/items\/\", response_model=List[Item])\nasync def read_items():\n    return items\n\n@app.get(\"\/items\/{item_id}\", response_model=Item)\nasync def read_item(item_id: int):\n    for item in items:\n        if item.id == item_id:\n            return item\n    raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=\"Item not found\")\n\n@app.put(\"\/items\/{item_id}\", response_model=Item)\nasync def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):\n    for index, existing_item in enumerate(items):\n        if existing_item.id == item_id:\n            items[index] = item\n            return item\n    raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=\"Item not found\")\n\n@app.delete(\"\/items\/{item_id}\", response_model=Item)\nasync def delete_item(item_id: int):\n    for index, item in enumerate(items):\n        if item.id == item_id:\n            return items.pop(index)\n    raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=\"Item not found\")<\/code><\/pre>\n
4.2. API \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8<\/h3>\n
\uc774\uc81c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c API\ub97c Postman \ub610\ub294 cURL\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, curl\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc544\uc774\ud15c\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
curl -X POST \"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/items\/\" -H \"Content-Type: application\/json\" -d '{\"id\": 1, \"name\": \"Item 1\", \"description\": \"This is item 1.\"}'<\/code><\/pre>\n
5. \ud658\uacbd \ubcc0\uc218 \uc124\uc815<\/h2>\n
\uac1c\ubc1c \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc694\uc18c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ud658\uacbd \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. FastAPI\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \ub54c\ub3c4 \ud658\uacbd \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc124\uc815 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \ubd84\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \ubcf4\uc548\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
5.1. Python-dotenv \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac \uc124\uce58<\/h3>\n
\ud658\uacbd \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 python-dotenv<\/code> \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\ub97c \uc124\uce58\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
pip install python-dotenv<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.2. .env \ud30c\uc77c \uc0dd\uc131<\/h3>\n
\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \ub8e8\ud2b8 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc5d0 .env<\/code> \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \ud658\uacbd \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
DATABASE_URL=mysql:\/\/user:password@localhost\/dbname\nAPI_KEY=your_api_key<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.3. \ud658\uacbd \ubcc0\uc218 \ub85c\ub4dc\ud558\uae30<\/h3>\n
\uc774\uc81c \ucf54\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c load_dotenv()<\/code> \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud658\uacbd \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ub85c\ub4dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
# main.py\nimport os\nfrom dotenv import load_dotenv\n\nload_dotenv()\n\nDATABASE_URL = os.getenv(\"DATABASE_URL\")\nAPI_KEY = os.getenv(\"API_KEY\")<\/code><\/pre>\n
6. FastAPI \ubc30\ud3ec<\/h2>\n
FastAPI \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc744 \ubc30\ud3ec\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 Heroku\uc640 Docker\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ubc30\ud3ec \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
6.1. Heroku \ubc30\ud3ec<\/h3>\n
Heroku\ub294 \ud074\ub77c\uc6b0\ub4dc \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc73c\ub85c, FastAPI \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc744 \uc27d\uac8c \ubc30\ud3ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
heroku create my-fastapi-app\nheroku addons:create heroku-postgresql:hobby-dev\ngit push heroku master<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc774\ud6c4, \ube0c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc800\uc5d0\uc11c https:\/\/my-fastapi-app.herokuapp.com<\/code>\uc640 \uac19\uc740 URL\ub85c FastAPI \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
6.2. Docker \ubc30\ud3ec<\/h3>\n
Docker\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc744 \ucee8\ud14c\uc774\ub108\ub85c \ud328\ud0a4\uc9d5\ud558\uc5ec \ubc30\ud3ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 Dockerfile \uc791\uc131 \uc608\uc2dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
# Dockerfile\nFROM tiangolo\/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.8\n\nCOPY .\/app \/app\n\nWORKDIR \/app\n\nRUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc774\ud6c4, \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \ube4c\ub4dc\ud558\uace0 \uc2e4\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n
docker build -t my-fastapi-app .\ndocker run -d -p 80:80 my-fastapi-app<\/code><\/pre>\n
7. \uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\ub294 API \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uc27d\uac8c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\uace0 \ubc30\ud3ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c FastAPI\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \uad6c\ud604\ud574\ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \ud658\uacbd \ubcc0\uc218 \uc124\uc815\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubcf4\uc548\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uace0, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubc30\ud3ec \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n