{"id":38558,"date":"2024-11-01T18:18:16","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T18:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/?p=38558"},"modified":"2024-11-26T06:44:00","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T06:44:00","slug":"fastapi-%ec%84%9c%eb%b2%84%ea%b0%9c%eb%b0%9c-%ec%9a%94%ec%b2%ad-%eb%b0%94%eb%94%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/38558\/","title":{"rendered":"FastAPI \uc11c\ubc84\uac1c\ubc1c, \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1. FastAPI\ub780?<\/h2>\n

FastAPI\ub294 Python \uae30\ubc18\uc758 \uc6f9 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\ub85c, API\ub97c \ube60\ub974\uace0 \uc27d\uac8c \uad6c\ucd95\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uacc4\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube44\ub3d9\uae30\uc801\uc774\uba70, \ud0c0\uc785 \uc8fc\uc11d(type hint)\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\ub3d9\ud654\ub41c \ubb38\uc11c\ud654\uc640 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131 \uac80\uc0ac\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. FastAPI\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 RESTful API\ub97c \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub192\uc740 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uc790\ub791\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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2. \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\ub780?<\/h2>\n

HTTP \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\ub294 \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uac00 \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud560 \ub54c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\ub85c POST, PUT, PATCH \ub4f1\uc758 HTTP \uba54\uc11c\ub4dc\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 JSON, XML, Form Data \ub4f1\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc804\uc1a1\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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3. FastAPI\uc758 \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514 \ucc98\ub9ac<\/h2>\n

FastAPI\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\ub97c \uc27d\uac8c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc139\uc158\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 FastAPI\uc5d0\uc11c \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uacfc \uc608\uc81c\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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3.1. Pydantic\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\uc758 \uc815\uc758<\/h3>\n

FastAPI\ub294 Pydantic\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc720\ud6a8\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc815\uc758\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. Pydantic \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc815\uc758\ud558\uba74 \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac15\uc81c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uac80\uc99d \ubc0f \uc9c1\ub82c\ud654\/\uc5ed\uc9c1\ub82c\ud654\ub97c \uc27d\uac8c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\nfrom fastapi import FastAPI\nfrom pydantic import BaseModel\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\nclass Item(BaseModel):\n    name: str\n    price: float\n    is_offer: bool = None\n\n@app.post(\"\/items\/\")\nasync def create_item(item: Item):\n    return item\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc704\uc758 \uc608\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Item<\/code>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 Pydantic \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc815\uc758\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 name<\/code>, price<\/code>, is_offer<\/code>\ub77c\ub294 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc18d\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. create_item<\/code> \ud568\uc218\ub294 POST \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 Item<\/code> \uac1d\uccb4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ubc18\ud658\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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3.2. \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\uc758 \ud0c0\uc785 \uc9c0\uc815<\/h3>\n
FastAPI\ub294 \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\uc758 \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc801\uc808\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud615\uc2dd\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub3c4\uc640\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc704\uc758 \uc608\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c item: Item<\/code>\uc740 FastAPI\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774 \uc694\uccad\uc774 Item<\/code> \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc815\uc758\ub41c \ud615\uc2dd\uc744 \uac16\ucd94\uc5b4\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc54c\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\nfrom fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException\nfrom pydantic import BaseModel\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\nclass User(BaseModel):\n    username: str\n    email: str\n    full_name: str = None\n\n@app.post(\"\/users\/\")\nasync def create_user(user: User):\n    if user.username == \"admin\":\n        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=\"Username 'admin' is not allowed.\")\n    return user\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc704\uc758 \uc608\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c create_user<\/code> \ud568\uc218\ub294 User<\/code> \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc778\uc2a4\ud134\uc2a4\ub97c \uae30\ub300\ud558\uba70, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 ‘admin’\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc608\uc678\ub97c \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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4. \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\uc640 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c MIME \ud0c0\uc785<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 MIME \ud0c0\uc785\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 JSON\uacfc Form Data\uc758 \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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4.1. JSON \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514 \ucc98\ub9ac<\/h3>\n
FastAPI\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c JSON \ud615\uc2dd\uc758 \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uac00 JSON \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\ub85c \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\uba74, FastAPI\ub294 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub97c Python \uac1d\uccb4\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\n@app.post(\"\/json\/\")\nasync def read_json(item: Item):\n    return {\"item_name\": item.name, \"item_price\": item.price}\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc704\uc758 \uc608\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uac00 JSON \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uba74 FastAPI\uac00 \uc774\ub97c Item<\/code> \uac1d\uccb4\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\uace0, \uc11c\ubc84\ub294 \ud574\ub2f9 \uac1d\uccb4\uc758 \uc18d\uc131\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc751\ub2f5\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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4.2. Form Data \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514 \ucc98\ub9ac<\/h3>\n
FastAPI\ub294 Form Data \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub3c4 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 Form<\/code> \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\nfrom fastapi import Form\n\n@app.post(\"\/form\/\")\nasync def create_form(username: str = Form(...), password: str = Form(...)):\n    return {\"username\": username, \"password\": password}\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 HTML \ud3fc\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud560 \ub54c \uc720\uc6a9\ud558\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Form(...)<\/code>\ub294 \ud544\uc218 \ud544\ub4dc\uc784\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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5. \uc5d0\ub7ec \ucc98\ub9ac<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131 \uac80\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc624\ub958\ub97c \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud615\uc2dd\uc774 \uc694\uccad\ub418\uba74, FastAPI\ub294 HTTP 422 \uc0c1\ud0dc \ucf54\ub4dc\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc624\ub958 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc18\ud658\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\n@app.post(\"\/error\/\")\nasync def create_user(user: User):\n    return user\n\n# \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uac00 \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc694\uccad\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0:\n# {\"username\": 123, \"email\": \"invalid email\"}\n        <\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc704\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc62c \uacbd\uc6b0 FastAPI\ub294 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc5d0\ub7ec \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc804\ub2ec\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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6. \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\uc640 \ubcf4\uc548<\/h2>\n
\uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \ubcf4\uc548 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uac80\uc99d\ud558\uace0 \uc885\ub958\ub97c \uc815\ud655\ud788 \ud30c\uc545\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. FastAPI\ub294 SQL \uc778\uc81d\uc158, XSS\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uacf5\uaca9\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucd94\uac00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c FastAPI\ub294 OAuth2, JWT \ub4f1\uc758 \ubcf4\uc548 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\uc99d \ubc0f \uad8c\ud55c \ubd80\uc5ec\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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7. FastAPI\uc758 \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514 \uae30\ub2a5 \uc694\uc57d<\/h2>\n
FastAPI\ub294 \uc694\uccad \ubc14\ub514\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc720\uc5f0\ud558\uace0 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. Pydantic \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud615\uc2dd\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. JSON, Form Data, Multipart \ub4f1\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uc744 \uc27d\uac8c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc624\ub958 \ucc98\ub9ac\uac00 \uc6a9\uc774\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub610\ud55c FastAPI\ub294 \ube44\ub3d9\uae30 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \ub192\uc740 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n