{"id":38670,"date":"2024-11-01T19:08:44","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T19:08:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/?p=38670"},"modified":"2024-11-26T06:43:39","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T06:43:39","slug":"django-%ec%84%9c%eb%b2%84%ea%b0%9c%eb%b0%9c-api-%ec%9d%b8%ec%a6%9d-%eb%b0%8f-%ea%b6%8c%ed%95%9c-%ea%b4%80%eb%a6%ac-%ea%b5%ac%ed%98%84%ed%95%98%ea%b8%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atmokpo.com\/w\/38670\/","title":{"rendered":"DJango \uc11c\ubc84\uac1c\ubc1c, API \uc778\uc99d \ubc0f \uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac \uad6c\ud604\ud558\uae30"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Django\ub294 \ud30c\uc774\uc36c\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc131\ub41c \uc6f9 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\ub85c, \ube60\ub974\uace0 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6f9 \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\uc640 \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Django\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec RESTful API \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uace0, API \uc778\uc99d \ubc0f \uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac\ub97c \uad6c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

1. Django \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \uc124\uc815\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n

\uba3c\uc800 Django \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Django \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\uc640 Django REST Framework(DRF)\ub97c \uc124\uce58\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

pip install django djangorestframework<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc774\uc81c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 Django \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
django-admin startproject myproject<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc774\ud6c4 \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
cd myproject<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uc774\uc81c Django \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
python manage.py startapp myapp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\uc758 settings.py<\/code> \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0 myapp<\/code>\uacfc rest_framework<\/code>\ub97c INSTALLED_APPS\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
INSTALLED_APPS = [\n        ...\n        'rest_framework',\n        'myapp',\n    ]<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. \ubaa8\ub378 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n
\uc774\uc81c API\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud574\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. models.py<\/code> \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc5f4\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc791\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
from django.db import models\n\nclass User(models.Model):\n    username = models.CharField(max_length=150, unique=True)\n    password = models.CharField(max_length=128)\n    email = models.EmailField(unique=True)\n\n    def __str__(self):\n        return self.username<\/code><\/pre>\n
\ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc73c\uba74 \uc774\uc81c \ub9c8\uc774\uadf8\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc744 \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uc5ec \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ubc18\uc601\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
python manage.py makemigrations\npython manage.py migrate<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. Serializer \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n
\ubaa8\ub378\uc744 JSON \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 serializer\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. serializers.py<\/code> \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc791\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
from rest_framework import serializers\nfrom .models import User\n\nclass UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):\n    class Meta:\n        model = User\n        fields = ('id', 'username', 'email')<\/code><\/pre>\n
4. \ubdf0 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n
\uc774\uc81c API\uc758 \uc5d4\ub4dc\ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubdf0\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. views.py<\/code> \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc791\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
from rest_framework import viewsets\nfrom .models import User\nfrom .serializers import UserSerializer\n\nclass UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):\n    queryset = User.objects.all()\n    serializer_class = UserSerializer<\/code><\/pre>\n
5. URL \ub77c\uc6b0\ud305 \uc124\uc815\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n
API\uc758 URL\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 urls.py<\/code> \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc791\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
from django.urls import path, include\nfrom rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter\nfrom .views import UserViewSet\n\nrouter = DefaultRouter()\nrouter.register(r'users', UserViewSet)\n\nurlpatterns = [\n    path('', include(router.urls)),\n]<\/code><\/pre>\n
6. \uc778\uc99d \ubc0f \uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac \uad6c\ud604\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n
Django REST Framework\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc778\uc99d \ubc0f \uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc778\uc99d\uacfc \ud1a0\ud070 \uc778\uc99d\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec API \uc778\uc99d\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
6.1. Django REST Framework\uc758 \ud1a0\ud070 \uc778\uc99d \ud65c\uc131\ud654<\/h3>\n
\uc6b0\uc120, settings.py<\/code> \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c OAuth2\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc571\uc744 \uc124\uce58\ud558\uace0 \ub4f1\ub85d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
INSTALLED_APPS = [\n        ...\n        'rest_framework.authtoken',\n    ]<\/code><\/pre>\n
\ub610\ud55c, DRF\uc758 \uc778\uc99d \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud574\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
REST_FRAMEWORK = {\n        'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [\n            'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication',\n        ],\n        'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [\n            'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',\n        ],\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n
6.2. \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ud1a0\ud070 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uae30<\/h3>\n
\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \ub85c\uadf8\uc778 \ud560 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ud1a0\ud070\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \ub85c\uadf8\uc778 \ubdf0\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate\nfrom rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token\nfrom rest_framework.response import Response\nfrom rest_framework.views import APIView\nfrom rest_framework import status\n\nclass LoginView(APIView):\n    def post(self, request):\n        username = request.data.get('username')\n        password = request.data.get('password')\n        user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)\n        if user:\n            token, created = Token.objects.get_or_create(user=user)\n            return Response({'token': token.key}, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)\n        return Response({'error': 'Invalid Credentials'}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\ub85c\uadf8\uc778 \ubdf0\ub97c URL\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
urlpatterns = [\n        ...\n        path('login\/', LoginView.as_view(), name='login'),\n    ]<\/code><\/pre>\n
7. API \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n
\uc774\uc81c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc124\uc815\uc774 \uc644\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Django \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uace0 API\ub97c \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
python manage.py runserver<\/code><\/pre>\n
Postman \ub610\ub294 Curl\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec API\ub97c \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub97c \ub4f1\ub85d\ud55c \ud6c4\uc5d0 \ub85c\uadf8\uc778 \uc5d4\ub4dc\ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8\uc5d0 POST \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc11c \ud1a0\ud070\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
7. \uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n
Django\uc640 Django REST Framework\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \ube60\ub974\uac8c API \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uad6c\ucd95\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \uc778\uc99d \ubc0f \uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac\ub97c \uc190\uc27d\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ub8ec \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ub354 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uc5ec API\ub97c \ud655\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc5ec\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0\uac00 Django \uc11c\ubc84 \uac1c\ubc1c \ubc0f API \uc778\uc99d\uacfc \uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac15\uc88c\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud5a5\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 OAuth2\uc640 JWT(JSON Web Token) \uc778\uc99d \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\ub294 \uae00\uc744 \uc791\uc131\ud560 \uc608\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
8. \ucc38\uace0 \uc790\ub8cc<\/h2>\n